Papers and Boards - Specialist Technical principles

• • Can be laminated with a polymer to improve tensile strength and shear force resistance
  • Corrugated increases compressive force resistance
• Manufacture process of Paper

  Debarked

  v

  Wood chipped

  v

  cooked with chemicals

  v

  Cellulose fibres remain

  v

  Sizing - adding chalk and/or other chemicals to affect the opacity and absorbency of the paper

  v

  Drained

  v

  Squeezed through calendars - repeated until dry
• Offset Lithography


  • Image created on a roller with an ink attracting chemical
  • This roller transfers ink for the image onto a rubber wheel - the blanket cylinder
  • The blanked cylinder rolls over the paper
  • Used for mass printing of eg. leaflets
  • C, Y, M and K are applied separately
  • > K = key which is the black ink
• Stock forms of paper

  Layout paper:

  Properties - lightweight, cheap

  Uses - graphic drawings and animations
• Stock forms of paper

  Bleed proof paper:

  Properties - bleed proof

  Uses - used by designers and artists
• Stock forms of paper

  Tracing Paper:

  Properties - Good transparency but expensive

  Uses - seeing an image through the paper
• Stock forms of paper

  Grid paper:

  Properties - grided

  Uses - maths
• Stock forms of paper

  Cartridge Paper:

  Properties - heavy, thick

  Uses - writing and sketching
• Stock forms of boards

  Corrugated cardboard:

  Properties - strong, lightweight

  Uses - packaging, when an insulator of heat is needed
• Stock forms of boards

  Duplex board:

  Properties - cheaper than white board

  Uses - food packaging
• Stock forms of boards

  Solid white board:

  Uses - Hardback books
• Stock forms of boards

  Foil-lined board:

  Properties - Moisture barrier

  Uses - food packaging, cosmetics
• Stock forms of boards

  Foam core board:

  Properties - strong, lightweight

  Uses - models
• Production aids

  • Design templates - used to set out the page, keeping it the same each time
  • Patterns - often made with CAD
• Coatings and surface alterations

  • Laminating
  • Bleach for whiter paper
  • UV sensitive glossy covering
• Industrial processes

  • Offset lithography - industrial printing
  • Die cutting to cut the paper:
  • > sharp rounded blades to cut the paper
  • > blades can be attached to a roller with card being passed through
• Quality control

  Registration marks:

  • Includes C, Y, M and K colour markers in a wheel
  • If the registration mark is as it should be, it can be assumed that all has printed correctly
• Quality Control

  Crop marks:

  • shows where the page should be cut
  • Registration marks and colour bars are usually outside of the crop zone
• Quality Control

  Colour bars:

  • similar to registration marks but in the form of a bar and can have more colours
• Surface finishes

  Varnish - glossy look but expensive

  UV varnish - shiny liquid applied and cured with UV light

  Embossing - raised pattern