modern

• what year was the human genome project launched?


  1990
• who published the human genome project?


  James Watson
• what was the human genome project?


  group of 18 scientists decoded the map of the human genome
• what does genome mean?


  complete set of DNA containing all genetic information to build a particular organism
• when was the first draft of the human genome completed?

  2000
• what is the impact of the human genome?

  • it was possible for scientists to find mistakes in the DNA of people suffering from hereditary diseases
  • E.g: breast cancer could be spotted as a gene in women
• who discovered the structure of the gene and when?


  Watson and Crick in 1953
• what is a magic bullet

  chemical cure that attacks the microbes in the body causing disease without harming the body
• what did Paul Ehrlich do?


  tested as many arsenic compounds as he could to find a cure for syphilis. by 1907 he has tested over 600 compounds but did not find a cure
• who was Hata?


  Japanese scientist who retested all of Ehrlich's compounds and discovered compound number 606 cured syphilis - first ever 'magic bullet' called Salvarsan
• what was the first antibiotic?


  penicillin
• who discovered penicillin?


  Alexander Fleming
• what is an antibiotic?


  any form of treatment that destroys/limits the growth of bacteria in the body
• what is a huge change from the 19th century?


  scientists can now identify the cause of disease as they know what they are looking for
• when was the NHS launched?


  1948
• what was the aim of the NHS?


  to provide medical care (free) to the British population
• positive and negative of NHS:

  • positive: access to services improved
  • negative: provision had not improved (in the short term)
• impact of the NHS:

  doctors were now able to perform more intensive surgeries than ever before
• 1900


  25% of deaths were caused by infectious diseases
• 1990


  1% of deaths were caused by infectious diseases
• similarity between medieval and modern treatment:

  herbal remedies - medieval

  medicine - modern
• by c1900, what did the government do to prevent disease?

  • provide clean water
  • removing waste
• what was the laissez-faire attitude?


  when the government does not care about the problems of society
• what years were the clean air acts?


  1956 and 1968
• what year did smoking in enclosed workspaces become illegal?


  2007 (as part of 2006 health act)
• how did the government promote healther lifestyles?

  • advertising campaigns warning against dangers to health (smoking, binge drinking, drug use and unprotected sex)
  • events (e.g stoptober) to encourage quitting for a period of time
  • posters/advertisements to encourage people to eat healthily and get more exercise
• when was penicillin mass produced?


  1944
• what are the 2 uses of penicillin?

  • treat disease (of a certain bacteria)
  • prevent infection
• what was discovered in 1950?


  the rise in lung cancer was due to cigarette smoking
• what was banned in 2015?


  smoking in cars