HSB FOR END OF TERM BEC IM GOING TO KMS

• DIGESTION- Mechanical Digestion

  involves teeth

  breaks large pieces of food for large surface area for chemical digestion

  swallowing is easier
• DIGESTION-We have 2 sets of teeth

  Milk teeth-first set of teeth develops at 5 months, begins falls at 7yrs

  8 incisors 4 canines 8 premolars

  Permanent teeth-20 teeth replace, 12 molars develop, if lost never replaced
• DIGESTION-Js learn this or smt tessanne

  1. fibres
  2. pulp cavity
  3. neck
  4. jaw bone

  
• SKELETAL SYSTEM-- Two sections

  Axial Skeleton-skull, vertebral column,

  Appendicular Skeleton- shoulder and pelvic girdle upper, lower limbs
• SKELETAL SYSTEM-

  
• SKELETAL SYSTEM-Ligaments connect bones to bones flexible for movement at joints
• SKELETAL SYSTEM-Tendons connect muscle to bones strong does not stretch
• SKELETAL SYSTEM-Bones are hard for support and protection
• SKELETAL SYSTEM-Cartilage is smooth and reduces friction, its flexible to allow movement
• Eye-Retina makes us see upside down but the brain flips the image


  YA
• Eye- In dim light

  radial muscles contract

  circular muscles relax

  pupil widens to increase amount of light entering
• Eye-In bright light


  circular muscles contract

  pupil narrows to reduce light entering
• BRAIN-CEREBRUM


  made up of two hemispheres

  controls conscious thoughts, personality, language ,speech, memeory, learning, interpretation.
• BRAIN-CERBELLUM


  behind head

  controls posture balance movement
• BRAIN-MEDULLA OBLONGATA 


  involuntary actions(peristalsis)

  heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, vomit reflex
• BRAIN-HYPOTHALAMUS 


  controls body temperature by sending triggers to skin to trier vasodilation and osmoregulation by controlling anti diuretic hormone from pituitary gland
• BRAIN-THALAMAS


  grey matter

  coordinated info between senses and cortex

  located center of brain above midbrain

  relays 98% of sensory info to cortex(vision, taste, touch, balance
• RESPIRATION


  Energy released from food in all living cells.
• RESPIRATION-HOW IS ENERGY STORED?

  Stored in a chemical called adenosine triphosphate or ATP
• BRAIN-GREY MATTER


  Composed of cell bodies
• BRAIN-WHITE MATTER


  Composed of nerve fibres
• Eye- Accommodation 


  shape of eye changed to focus on light unto retina from different distances
• Eye- Retina and Fovea

  Retina(composed of rods and cones) Rods of retina sensitive to black and white(low light intensity best)

  Fovea (composed of cones)Cones are sensitive to colour(high light intensity best)
• Eye- Focusing distant object

  ciliary muscle relaxes

  suspensory ligament pulled tight by^

  lens pulled thin
• Eye- Focusing on near object

  Cilary muscle contracts

  suspensory ligament relaxes(slacken)

  lens bulges(light bends)
• Eye-Long sight(Hypermetropia)

  light is focused on retina (long distance)

  cause-eyeball being too short/ lens being too flat
• EYE-Short Sight (Myopia)


  Light is reflected on retina (from near objects)

  light from distant is focused on the front of retina

  cause- eye being too long/ lens curved too much
• EYE-DIVERGING AND CONVERGING LENS

  Diverging lens-bends light rays outward then enters eye

  Converging lens- bends light rays inwards before entering eye
• EYE- ASTIGMATISM


  Lens/ cornea curved irregularly

  correction- irregular curved lens
• EYE-Cataract 


  Lens becomes opaque light cant pass

  corrects= strong artificial lens/ spectacles
• EYE-Glaucoma


  increase pressure within the eye due to a blockage in aqueous humour

  symptoms-inflammed, halo around objects, painful

  Correction-eye drops, oral medications, surgery (drainage canals)
• EYE- Old sight


  lens loses elasticity ciliary muscle weakens (becomes long sighted)

  correction-converging lens
• HEART- CORONARY HEART DIESEASE

  Malnutrition due to over eating fats(cholesterol) is laid on the walls of arteries causes hypertension reducing bloodflow and oxygen supply%
• HEART-Atherosclerosis

  arteries walls hardens and loses elasticity
• HEART-CORONARY THROMBOSIS 


  Clumped platelets block arteries causing oxygen to not reach heart muscle