Ann oakley - gender roles socially constructed by the family
manipulation
canalisation
verbal apelliation
different activities
Jackson
Ladettes spend time drinking, smoking, swearing.
They had a fear that not doing these things meant you were uncool and unpopular
Parsons - functionalist
Females have an expressive role in the family. It is natural and based on the childbearing role.
Men have an instrumental role in the family, breadwinner role.
Feminists:
Gender identity is socially constructed through the patriarchy
Peer groups:
Hey - teenage girl groups deeply rooted in the patriarchy: peers controlled each other using informal sanctions (excluding and insulting peers who were not conforming)
Mac an Ghail - boys learn to be men in their peer groups at school. - macholads: 3 f's
Mac an Ghail
Loss of breadwinner identity with the decline of traditional male industries, such as mining, steel and manufacturing
Cannon
Researched w.c. men in wolverhampton and found that men who had jobs, fighting drinking and sexual conquests were most important to them, but for unemployed men, job was the most important
