Unit 1

• Anti-Black


  The first form is overt (in the open such as a racial slur) racism. The second form is the unethical disregard for anti-Black institutions and policies. Beneath this is the covert (embedded within the system and difficult for some to see) structural and systemic racism which categorically predetermines the socioeconomic status of Black people.
• Anti-Racism


  The work of actively opposing racism by advocating (speaking out against it) for changes in political, economic, and social life. It tends to be an individualized approach, and set up in opposition to individual racist behaviors and impacts.
• BIPOC, or Black and/or Indigenous People of Color, is a term used to combat anti-Black racism and invisibilization of Native communities.
• Black Lives Matter


  A political movement to address systemic and state violence against African Americans.
• Centreing Blackness


  Considering the Black experience as unique and the one that shaped America's economy. Demands we design policies and practices that lift up, protect, and support Black people.
• Colonization


  Can be defined as some form of invasion (taking over a territory), dispossession (taking people and resources away from the land), and subjugation (oppression) of a people.
• Colourism


  Using white skin color as the standard, colorism is the allocation of privilege and favor to lighter skin colors and disadvantage to darker skin colors. Colorism operates both within and across racial and ethnic groups.
• Colonization


  Is the reason for colourism
• Cultural Appropriation


  Theft of cultural elements—including symbols, art, language, customs, etc.—for one's own use, commodification, or profit, often without understanding, acknowledgement,or respect for its value in the original culture. Results from the assumption of a dominant (i.e. white) culture's right to take other cultural elements.
• Diaspora is the voluntary or forcible movement of peoples from their homelands into new regions. There is a common element in all forms of diaspora; these are people who live outside their natal (or imagined natal) territories and recognize that their traditional homelands are reflected deeply in the languages they speak, religions they adopt, and the cultures they produce.
• Equity


  To treat everyone fairly. An equity emphasis seeks to render justice by deeply considering structural factors that benefit some social groups/communities and harm other social groups/communities.
• Ethnicity


  The shared cultural characteristics, such as language, religion, traditions, customs, and ancestry, that distinguish one group of people from another. Can be based on factors of nationality, race, tribal affiliation, or regional origin - it is more fluid since it encompasses a larger range of cultural relations and identities.
• Gender


  A set of socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate.
• Implicit Bias


  Negative associations people unknowingly hold, affecting their attitudes and actions without conscious awareness. They can trump commitments to equality and fairness, producing behavior that diverges from the explicit attitudes that many people profess. The Implicit Association Test measures implicit biases on various topics such as race, gender, sexual orientation, age, and religion.
• Institutional Racism


  The ways in which institutional policies and practices create different outcomes for different racial groups. The institutional policies may never mention any racial group, but their effect is to create advantages for whites and oppression and disadvantage for people from groups classified as people of color.
• Islamophobia/Anti-Muslim Hate


  Prejudice, discrimination, or hostility towards Islam and Muslims. It can manifest in various ways, such as negative stereotypes, hate speech, harassment, or even violence targeting individuals or communities perceived to be Muslim. It stems from fear, misunderstanding, and misinformation about Islam and its followers.
• Microaggression


  The everyday verbal , nonverbal and environmental slights, snubs or insults , whether intentional or unintentional, which communicate hostile, derogatory or negative messages to target personal groups based solely upon their marginalized group.
• Patriarchy


  An historically based system of exploitation and oppression in which those assigned male hold more power among those assign female
• Power


  Being able to use force, authority, or influence is necessary for having power. The ability to influence public opinion.
• Prejudice


  The pre-judgement usually negative attitude towards one based on their individual or group characteristics
• Privilege


  Unearned power accorded by the formal and informal institutions of society, resulting in an easier life habits and advantages (eg; male and white privilege)
• Racism


  Prejudice and social and institutional power. A system of advantage based on race and a system of oppression based on race. A white supremacy system. Involves one group having the power to carry out systematic discrimination through the institutional policies and practices of the society and by shaping the cultural beliefs and values that support those racist policies and practices.
• Structural Racism


  The system of White domination in society, affecting history, culture, politics, economics, and social fabric. The most profound and pervasive form of racism, resulting in chronic adverse outcomes for people of color. Factors contributing to lower life expectancy for African American and Native American men include higher exposure to environmental toxins, dangerous jobs, unhealthy housing, and lower healthcare coverage. The nation's systematic refusal to address these issues perpetuates this systemic racism.
• White Fragility


  A state in which even a minimum amount of racial stress becomes intolerable [for white people], triggering a range of defensive moves. These moves include the outward display of emotions such as anger, fear, and guilt, and behaviors such as argumentation, silence, and leaving the stress-inducing situation. These behaviors, in turn, function to reinstate white racial equilibrium.
• Whiteness


  Referring to people, created by Virginia slave owners and colonial rules in the 17th century. Replaced terms (Christian and Englishman) to distinguish European colonists from Africans and indigenous peoples. European colonial powers established whiteness as a legal concept after Bacon's Rebellion in 1676. 'Whiteness' - giving privileges to some, while denying them to others with the justification of biological and social inferiority. Whites are put into theory as actively shaped, affected, defined, and elevated through their racialization. Whiteness is dynamic, relational, and operating at all times and on myriad levels. Basic rights, values, beliefs, perspectives, and experiences were created for all but are only consistently afforded to white people.
• Xenophobia


  A belief that immigrants are inferior to the dominant group, resulting in oppression at interpersonal, institutional, and systematic levels, primarily driven by White supremacy.
• Angela Davis


  • Advocated for prison reform, women's rights, racial equality, and the inequality of capitalism
  • Advocate for the LGBTQ community
  • Came out as a lesbian in the late 1990s
• Professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz


  Taught courses on the history of consciousness
• Angela Davis


  • Interests in prisoner rights
  • Founded Critical Resistance, an organization working to abolish the prison-industrial complex
• Harriet Tubman


  • Empathy
  • Healing
  • Paving the way
  • Foresight
  • Taking part in a shared purpose
• Harriet Tubman made an underground railroad for the enslaved people to escape
• Harriet Tubman guided the escape of approximately 300 slaves between the 1850 and 1860
• Claudette Colvin


  • Courage
  • Resilience
• At just 15 years old, Colvin displayed remarkable bravery by refusing to give up her seat on a segregated bus, knowing the potential consequences and backlash she could face in a deeply segregated society
• Claudette's refusal to give up her seat on a segregated bus served as an early catalyst for the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which lasted 381 days and eventually led to the desegregation of public transportation in Montgomery, Alabama
• Claudette Colvin


  • American civil rights advocate
  • Goal setter and achiever
  • Demonstrated courage
  • Possessed, persevere, strong will
• Claudette Colvin and three other women participated in a legal case that made it to the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1956 the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the women, making segregation on buses illegal
• The book Claudette Colvin: Twice Toward Justice is based on extensive interviews with Claudette Colvin and many others. It can be used to bring the story of Colvin and the historic Montgomery Bus Boycott to middle school readers
• Daisy Bates


  • Strong will
  • Courage
  • Resilience
• Bates became the president of the Arkansas chapter of the National Association for Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1952