Geo tourism

• Tourism system consist of tourist generating region, tourist destination region and transit route
• transit route links the tourist destination regions to the tourist generating region.
• transit route includes stopover points which might be used for convenience or because of the existence of attraction

  eg. Nearby country
• the availability of transit route influences the volume and direction of travel

  case study:

  1. the lack of direct route between Singapore and Brazil and inconvenient transit route between the result in fewer tourist travelling from Singapore to Brazil ( volume)
  2. Due to the eight-hour direct flight from New Delhi, India to Singapore and no direct flight fitting their schedule, tourist may choose to take shorter flight to Bangkok, Thailand before continuing their journey to Singapore ( direction )
• push factor at generating region

  Stressful work environment

  unpleasant living environment

  lack of recreational and entertainment option
• Pull factor at destination region

  places of scenic beauty

  special events such as concerts or festivals

  attractions, facilities that provides positive experiences
• tourist, businesses and organisations in tourist generating and destination regions are mutually dependent
• main factor leading towards tourism growth (3)

  1. motivation to travel
  2. ability to travel
  3. mobility in travel
• motivation of travel includes

  1. need of relaxation
  2. need to achieve personal growth and self-fulfilment
  3. need to discover unique travel experiences
• ability to travel includes

  1. increase in disposable income
  2. increase in leisure time
  3. business innovation in the tourism related industry(eg. airbnb, travel tech etc)
  4. lower transport cost
  5. lower accommodation costs
• (Ability to travel) the need of relaxation increased due to increasing pressure of work and hectic lifestyles.

  increasingly, many see travel as a way to rest and rejuvenate.

  people travel to different destinations and engage in different tourist activities to relax.

  case study:

  1. universal studios sinagpore is a theme park that features rides, shows and attraction, immmersing visitors in a completely different setting from their usual lives. In 2019, the theme park welcomed more than 18 million visitors.
• (Ability to travel) Increase in leisure time: since the 1950s, in both developed and less developed countries, government and businesses have given people more leisure time.

  this comes in a form of paid leave, more public holidays and shorter working week, which gives people ore time to travel.

  the increase in paid leaves also increases ability of workers to finance their travel.
• case study for increase in leisure time ( tourism growth)

  in 2015, the Chinese government encouraged employers to give workers half a day of paid leaves on Fridays during the summer month to boost domestic tourism.
• ( Ability to travel) business innovations in the tourism-related industry:

  the ability to travel is made possible by business innovations that provides value-for-money experiences

  with businesses offering more affordable travel options, demands for tourism has increased.
• (tourism growth) case study for business innovations in the tourism-related industry:

  websites such as Expedia and Trivago have search engines specifically four travellers to compare trip reviews and prices, and book their trips directly on the website.

  Often, these websites offer promotional prices for transport and accommodation.
• (ability to travel) lower transportation cost:

  international tourism relies heavily on air transport, which has become increasingly affordable.

  over the years, air fares have significantly dropped, especially with the emergence of budget airlines. Budget airlines offer air tickets at significantly lower prices, lowering transport costs, especially for international travel.

  they do this by using fuel-efficient planes, which reduces fuel costs and by flying airports with cheaper fees.
• (tourism growth) lower transport cost case study:

  budget airlines such as AirAsia, which offer significantly lower prices, have become increasingly popular for travel within Southeast Asia.
• ( ability to travel) lower accommodation costs;

  Over the years, the variety of accommodation types has increased, from rented properties to hotels and bed and breakfast stays.

  Business innovations such as AirBnB has made it possible for property owner to rent their properties out to tourists, at different prices.

  This wide variety caters to a range of different budget, making tourism with lower accommodation cost possible which enables affordable travelling.
• ( tourism growth) lower accommodation cost case study:

  AirBnB is a business innovation that offers options for accommodation, often at competitie procès.

  It connects people who want to rent their homes out to tourists, increasing the variety of accommodation that tourists can stay in.

  In 2019, it was estimated that more than 2 million people stayed in an AirBnB property everyday.