Types of LTM

• Who proposed the idea of there being 3 LTM stores?


  Tulving (1985)
• What are the 3 LTM stores?

  1. Eposodic Memory

  2. Procedural Memory

  3. Semantic Memory
• 1. What is Episodic Memory?


  - Our ability to recall events from our lives.

  - Consists of 3 elements - specific details of the event, context & emotion.

  - time-stamped
• 1. How do you recall episodic memory?


  You have to make a conscious effect to recall an episodic memory
• 2. What is procedural memory?


  our memory for actions & skills/ how to do things.
• 2. How do we recall our procedural memory?


  - recall w/o conscious effect

  - muscle memory
• 3. What is semantic memory?


  - Our shared knowledge of the world - facts & knowledge

  - not time-stamped
• What is declaritive memory?


  sometimes episodic & semantic memory is grouped together as memories that can be consciously recalled.
• What is one strength for the 3 types of LTM?


  - clinical evidence : HM & Clive Wearing

  - episodic memory in both men was severely impaired due to brain damage but semantic memories were unaffected.

  - e.g HM could not remember stroking a dog an hour ago but still had a concept of what one was

  - this supports Tulving's view that there a different memory stores in LTM
• What is a counter for a strength of the 3 types of LTM?

  - lack of control over variables

  - brain injuries experienced were usually unexpected

  - researcher had no knowledge of pps memory before the damage

  - the lack of control limits what clinical studies can tell us
• What is one limitation for 3 types of LTM?


  - conflicting neuroimaging evidence

  - Buckner & Peterson reviewed evidence regarding location of semantic & episodic memory

  - concluded semantic is in left-side of prefrontal cortex & episodic is on the right

  - HOWEVER other research links left-side of prefrontal cortex w/ episodic retrieval - Tulving et al.

  - this challenged any neurophysiological evidence to support types of memory as there is poor agreement of location.