Pom

• Heat

  A form of energy
• Solid particles

  • Fixed, but still vibrate
• Liquid particles

  • Not fixed, can flow
• Gas particles

  • Widely spread, moving
• tempurature

  Measure of the mean kinetic energy of particles
• Specific heat capacity

  Energy required or given out when the temperature of a substance changes by 1°C
• Calculating heat energy transferred

  1. Eh= cm ΔT
• Specific latent heat

  Energy involved in changing the state of a substance without temperature change
• Pressure

  Force per unit area acting on a surface
• Kinetic theory of gases

  • Assumes a large number of rapidly moving, randomly colliding molecules with no loss of kinetic energy
• As volume of gas increases


  Pressure decreases
• As temperature of a gas increases


  Pressure increases
• Volume Temperature (constant mass and pressure)

  1. If the temperature of the gas is increased

  2. The kinetic energy of the particles increases + speed increases

  3. The volume of the gas must increase to increase the area the container walls to keep the pressure constant
• Kelvin temperature scale

  • -273°C is called absolute zero and is the zero on the Kelvin temperature scale
• At absolute zero, OK = -273°C, all particle motion stops
• Convert °C to K

  Add 273
• Convert K to °C

  Subtract 273
• Boyle's law


  For a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to 1/volume
• Pressure


  Inversely proportional to volume
• The equation is P1V1 = P2V2
• Graph of pressure against volume

  • Graph of pressure against 1/volume
• P1V1 = P2V2
• Gay-Lussac's law


  For a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature in Kelvins
• Pressure


  Directly proportional to absolute temperature in Kelvins
• The equation is P1/T1 = P2/T2
• Charles' law


  For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature in Kelvins
• Volume


  Directly proportional to absolute temperature in Kelvins
• The equation is V1/T1 = V2/T2
• Combined Gas Equation


  P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2