B1

• What is a eukaryotes?

  Animal and plant cells
• What sub cellular structures are found in Animal cells?


  Cell membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
• What sub cellular structures are found in Plant cells?

  Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Cell wall, Vacuole, Chloroplasts, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
• What is a prokaryote?

  Bacteria cell
• How does a bacteria cell multiply?

  by binary fission
• What is the function of a cell membrane?


  controls what enters and leaves the cell
• what is the function of a cell wall?

  protection, made of cellulose
• what is the function of a nucleus?

  contains the genetic material
• what is the function of a cytoplasm?


  site of the chemical reactions
• what is the function of chloroplasts?

  site of photosynthesis
• what is the function of a large vacuole?

  contains cell sap
• what is the function of ribosomes?

  site of protein synthesis
• What does a bacterial cell have?

  single dna loop, rings of plasmid
• What happens with mitochondria?

  Used for respiration. Oxygen and glucose diffuse in and co2 and water diffuse out.
• Why are there no chloroplasts in root hair cells?

  because they cant absorb light underground
• What do chloroplasts contain?

  chlorophyll which is a green pigment which makes leave green and absorb light
• What are examples of specialised animal cells?

  Sperm , muscle, nerve cell
• What are examples of specialised plant cells?

  Phloem, xylem, root hair cells
• What is differentiation?

  The point in where a cell becomes specialised
• How fast does a cell differentiate in animals?

  Very quickly
• When does a cell differentiate in plants?

  At any point
• What is the equation for magnification?


  Magnification= Image size / Actual size
• How many µm are in 1mm?


  1000
• How is a sperm cell adapted to its function?

  It has a tail to swim to the egg
• How is a root hair cell adapted for its function?

  It has a large surface area to increase the osmosis of water
• How is a xylem cell adapted to its function?

  It has hollow ends to transport water
• How is a phloem cell adapted for its function?

  It has sieve tubes to transport sugars
• What is a stem cell?

  A undifferentiated cell that can become differentiated to any type of specialised cell
• Where are stem cells commonly found in animals?

  Bone marrow, embryos
• What is a meristem tissue?


  Plant tissue containing stem cells
• When do most animal cells differentiate?

  At early stages of their lives (embryos)
• Why are electron microscopes better than light microscopes?

  They have better resolution and magnification
• What shape is DNA

  double helix
• What molecule is DNA stored as?

  chromosomes
• How many pairs of chromosomes are there?

  23
• What is a gene?


  A small section of DNA that codes for a specific protein
• What is mitosis?


  Cell division
• What happens in interphase?

  Dna and sub cellular structures replicate
• What happens in mitosis?

  • Chromosomes thicken and line up
  • Chromatids move away
  • two nuclei are formed
• What happens in cytokenisis

  • cytoplasm and cell membrane split
  • two identical daughter cells are produced