Oral surgery

• Principles of Surgery I

  • Wound Healing
  • Types of Healing
  • Epithelization

  
• Wound Healing

  1. Hemostasis

  2. Inflammation

  3. Fibroblastic Stage

  4. Remodeling
• Hemostasis


  First stage of wound healing, stops bleeding

  
• Inflammation


  Second stage of wound healing, immune response

  
• Fibroblastic Stage


  Third stage of wound healing, tissue repair

  
• Remodeling


  Fourth stage of wound healing, tissue reorganization

  
• Types of Healing


  • Epithelization
• Principles of Surgery II

  • Nerve Injury
  • Bone Healing
  • Bone Grafting
  • Soft Tissue Grafts
  • Evaluation of Hemostasis: H&P

  
• Primary Bone Healing


  Direct healing of bone without callus formation

  
• Secondary Bone Healing


  Indirect healing of bone with callus formation

  
• Surgical Clinical Methods


  • Basic Necessities for Surgery
  • Incisions – Basic Principles
  • Flap Design
  • Hemostasis
  • Suturing
  • Pain Control
• Antibiotics


  • Antibiotic Selection
  • Available Antibiotics
  • Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
• Introduction to Sedation


  • Definitions
  • Psychopathology
  • Patient Evaluation
  • Candidate for Sedation
• Nitrous Oxide / Oral Sedation

  • Dental Sedation
  • Nitrous Oxide
  • Toxicity
  • Oral Sedation
  • Benzodiazepine
  • Adverse Reactions
• Therapeutics – Heart Disease

  • Angina
  • Myocardial Infarction
  • Other Emergency Drugs
• Post-Operative Pain Management


  • Acute Pain Management
  • NSAIDs
  • Acetaminophen
  • Opioids
  • Combination Analgesics
  • Pain Control
• Cleft Lip and Palate


  • Terminology
  • Orofacial Embryology
  • Management
  • Functional Correction of CLP
• Medically Compromised Patients


  • Example – Ischemic Heart Disease
  • Anaesthesia
• Medical Emergencies


  • Unconsciousness
  • Respiratory Difficulty
  • Altered Consciousness
  • Seizures
  • Drug Related
  • Allergy
  • Chest Pain
  • CVA – Stroke
• Therapeutics – Bleeding Disorders

  • Warfarin
  • Target Specific Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs)
  • Heparin
  • Aspirin (ASA)
  • DDAVP – Desmopressin
  • Aminocaproic Acid
  • Tranexamic Acid
  • Topical Thrombin
  • Vitamin K
  • Fresh Frozen Plasma
  • Cryoprecipitate
  • Platelets
• Therapeutics – Diabetes Mellitus, Respiratory, Nausea, Fibrionlytic Alveolitis

  • Diabetes
  • Insulin
  • Oral Hypoglycemics
  • Ambulatory Surgery and DM
  • Respiratory
  • Beta-2 Agonists (Salbutamol)
  • Corticosteroids (Inhalational)
  • Nausea
  • Dimenhydrinate
• Ambulatory Surgery and DM


  Surgical procedures performed on an outpatient basis for patients with diabetes
• Respiratory


  • Beta-2 Agonists (Salbutamol)
  • Corticosteroids (Inhalational)
• Beta-2 Agonists (Salbutamol)


  Medications that relax and open the airways
• Nausea


  • Dimenhydrinate
  • Ondansetron
• Dimenhydrinate


  Medication used to treat nausea and vomiting
• Ondansetron


  Medication used to treat nausea and vomiting
• Allergy – Diphenhydramine


  Medication used to treat allergic reactions
• Dry Socket – Fibrinolytic Alveolitis


  Condition where the blood clot in the tooth socket breaks down, causing pain
• Rules to Remember


  • Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
  • Formulating a DDx
  • Different Lesions
  • Consider Etiology – Pathogenesis (DINTS)
  • Consider Etiology – Tissue
  • Consider Etiology – Organ Systems
  • Special Tests PRN
  • Biopsy
  • Formulating a Dx
  • Treatment Plan
• Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Planning


  The process of identifying the possible causes of a patient's symptoms and determining the appropriate treatment

  
• Formulating a DDx


  The process of generating a list of possible diagnoses based on the patient's symptoms and medical history
• Different Lesions


  The various types of abnormal growths or changes in the body
• Consider Etiology – Pathogenesis (DINTS)

  The process of determining the underlying cause and development of a disease or condition
• Consider Etiology – Tissue


  The process of determining the type of tissue involved in a disease or condition
• Consider Etiology – Organ Systems


  The process of determining which organ systems are affected by a disease or condition
• Special Tests PRN


  Additional tests that may be performed as needed to help diagnose a condition
• Biopsy


  A medical procedure where a sample of tissue is taken for analysis
• Formulating a Dx


  The process of determining the final diagnosis based on the information gathered during the diagnostic process
• Treatment Plan


  The plan for managing and treating a patient's condition