Unit 1: Mix and Flow of Matter

• WHMIS stands for Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System. Hazard symbols have a safety warning and a shape to indicate how hazardous the material is. A red octagon indicates danger, an orange diamond stands for warning and the yellow triangle shows hazard or caution
• Slurry technology is transporting solids by using liquids
• Fluids turning into solids (processing using liquids)

  Glass and Steel both get heated up into a liquid before being cooled down to be shaped into their desired forms
• Properties of a fluid:

  Viscosity, density, bouncacy, compressibility
• Pure Substance: A substance made up of one type of matter. Ex. An element or a compound
• Mixtures: a combination of 2 or more substances

  Mechanical (or Heterogeneous) Mixtures: you can see the different substances that make up that mixture. Ex. trail mix, salad

  Solutions (or Homogenous) Mixtures: look as if it is all one substance. Ex. Vinegar
• Matter chart

  A) Matter

  B) Mixtures

  C) Mechanical Mixtures

  D) Solutions

  E) Suspension

  F) Colloids

  G) Pure Substances

  
• Suspension: a cloudy mixture and separates over time. Ex. Tomato juice

  Colloid: a cloudy mixture but the particles are too small to separate. Ex milk
• A solution is made up of a solute and a solvent. The solute is the substance that gets dissolved and the solvent does the dissolving.

  Water is known as the universal solvent and a solution with the water as the solvent is called an aqueous solution
• Concentration of a solution tells you the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent. Ex. a solution with 50 g of solute dissolved in 100 mL of water has a concentration of 50 g/ 100 mL of water.

  When a solution is concentrated it has a large amount of solute and a small amount of solvent

  When a solution is diluted it has a small amount of solute and a large amount of solvent
• An unsaturated solution is one in which more solute can dissolve.

  A saturated solution is a solution in which no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature.

  Solubility is the maximum amount of solute you can add to a fixed volume of solvent at a given temperature.

  Saturation point is when no more solute can be dissolved in a fixed volume of solvent at that temperature.
• 3 factors that affect solubility

  1. Type of solute
  2. Type of solvent
  3. Temperature

  When the temperature is heated up the solubility in a solid or liquid solution increases. In a gas solution it is the reverse. The solubility decreases.
• Particle model of matter:

  1. All matter is made of tiny particles
  2. Particles have spaces in between them
  3. Particles are always moving
  4. (particles may be attracted to each other or bonded together)
• Viscosity: the resistance of a liquid to flow. If a liquid has a high flow rate then it has a low viscosity. Ex. Syrup would have a higher viscosity than water
• Density: the amount of matter in a given volume.

  
  

  A less dense object floats on a more dense substance because of buoyant force
• As temperature increases decreases viscosity it increases density
• In Salt Lake you are able to float because the water due to the amount of salt is denser. In a lake with less salt it is harder to float
• Buoyancy is the tendency of an object to float when placed in a fluid. This is the force that opposes gravity.
• Compressibility: When a force pushes on an object (the object tends to become deformed)

  Gases can be compressed much more easily compared to liquids because of the amount of space in between each particle.
• Pressure: is the amount of force applied to a given area.

  Formula

  p=f/a units:

  p=Pa (pascals) f=N (newtons) A= cm2 or m2
• Pascal’s law states that an enclosed fluid transmits pressure equally in all directions.

  Pascal's law lead to the invention of hydraulics systems (uses liquid) and the pneumatic systems (uses air)
• Fluid technology includes...

  Pumps: a device that moves a fluid through or into something.

  Ex. bicycle pump, pipeline pig
• Fluid technology includes....

  Valves: devices to control or regulate the amount of flow. Valves can also be used to control the level of fluid in a container

  Ex. a faucet, toilet tank
• Fluid technology includes:

  • solvents
  • pumps
  • valves
  • hydraulics
  • pneumatics