science revision s1

• Photosynthesis


  Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars
• Chloroplast


  An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
• chlorophyll


  A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
• Mutualism


  A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
• root hair


  small hairs on a root that produce a large surface area through which water and minerals can enter
• Parasitism


  A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed
• Commensalism


  A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
• Autotroph


  An organism that makes its own food
• Plant male reproductive system

  Stamen which contains the Anther and Filament
• Plant female reproductive system

  Pistil which contains stigma, style, ovary
• Symbiotic relationships


  mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
• Herbivore


  A consumer that eats only plants.
• Carnivore


  A consumer that eats only animals.
• Omnivore


  An animal that eats both plants and animals
• Detrivore


  a scavenger, such as an earthworm, that feeds on dead plant and animal matter
• Plant stems functions


  act a transport system and are made up of many thin tubes that transport liquids around the plant
• Pholem


  type of vascular tissue that carries nutrients and food from place to place inside the cell
• Xylem


  vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant
• flaccid


  (adj.) limp, not firm; lacking vigor or effectiveness
• turgid


  (adj.) swollen, bloated, filled to excess; overdecorated or excessive in language
• Absence of chloroplast


  root hair increases the amount of surface area available for absorption
• Metobolism


  the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
• cellular respiration


  series of chemical reactions in cells that transform the chemical energy in food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
• Mitochondria


  Powerhouse of the cell
• aerobic respiration


  Respiration that requires oxygen
• wind pollination


  pollination of plants by means of pollen carried on the wind
• Stomata


  Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
• biotic factors


  All the living organisms that inhabit an environment
• abiotic factors


  Abiotic factors are the non-living parts of an organism's habitat.
• Thermoreceptors


  respond to changes in temperature
• Chemoreceptors


  Sensitive to specific chemicals

  and are located in your nose and tastebud
• Photoreceptors


  sensitive to light and are located in your eyes
• Mechonoreceptors


  respond to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch located in your skin and inner ear
• pain receptors


  enable you to respond to chemicals released by damaged cells located all throughout your body
• Stimulus


  A change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to react
• sense organs detect


  stimuli
• receptors respond to different

  stimuli
• respiratory system


  removes carbon dioxide from the body, delivers oxygen to blood
• 2 ways the structure of the alveoli help efficient gas exchange

  -Have large surface area

  -Have thin walls that help gasses to pass
• Gas exchnage


  The transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood, and of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs