Protein synthesis

• Protein synthesis pt1

  Protein synthesis is the mechanism in cells where a DNA template is transcribed into a messenger RNA ( mRNA ) molecule in the nucleus.
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  Transcription is the production of mRNA from DNA
• Transcription (the process)

  1. DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between bases which causes the DNA to unzip
  2. The enzyme RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand and attaches free nucleotides to their complementary bases on the DNA
  3. RNA polymerase continue making a strand of mRNA until it comes to a stop colon
• Protein synthesis pt3

  Translation is the production of polypeptides from the sequence of codons carried by mRNA
• Protein synthesis pt4 ( translation process)

  1. mRNA attaches to ribosomes at the 'start' codon
  2. tRNA with a complementary anticodon attaches to mRNA
  3. This tRNA is attached to an amino acid.
  4. The ribosomes moves along the mRNA bringing in two tRNA molecules.
  5. ATP is used to join amino acids with a peptide bond
  6. tRNA is released to go collect another amino acid
  7. Process is repeated until a stop colon is reached
• Protein synthesis pt2

  The mRNA is then translated into an amino acid sequence is association with transfer RNA on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
• Translation

  rRNA is ribosomal RNA makes up the ribosomes that moves along the mRNA strand
• Splicing

  Where introns ( the non coding regions of genes ) are removed from the pre-RNA molecule and exons ( the coding regions ) are joined together to form the mature mRNA