Physiology

• Joints


  Necessary for two muscles to move

  Formed where any two bones meet

  2 types...
• Ball and Socket joint


  Shoulder/Hip

  Allows movement in every direction

  Formed around head of one bone fitting into cup-shaped capsule of the connecting bone
• Hinge Joint


  Elbow/Knee/Ankle

  Allows movement either forwards or backwards
• Articulating Bones


  Allows Flexion (bending)

  Allows extension (straightening)

  4 Pairs...
• Hip


  Femur/Pelvis
• Shoulder


  Humerous/Scapula
• Ankle


  Talus/Tibia/Fibula
• Antagonistic


  Relaxes to allow movement

  (Contracts)
• Agonistic


  Causes movement

  (Lengthens)
• Antagonistic pairs:


  Elbow: Biceps/Triceps

  Ankle: Gastrocnemius/tibialis anterior

  Knee: Hamstrings/Quadriceps

  Hip: Hip Flexors/Gluteals/Adductor Magnus/Gluteus medius

  Shoulder: Anterior deltoid/latissimus dorsi/latissimus dorsi/pectorals/posterior deltoid/middle deltoid
• S(ully) T(ravlled)

  T(o) L(ondon)

  F(or) S(weets)


  Sagittal Transverse

  Transverse Longitudinal

  Frontal Sagittal
• Sagittal plane


  divides body into left and right
• Planes


  an imaginary line that divides the body

  Sagittal: Divides body into left/right (Running)

  Transverse: Divides body into top/bottom (jumping)

  Frontal: Divides body into front/back (side steps)