Chromosomes

• Nucleotides 


  monomers (sub-units) which make up DNA

  have base pairs A&T and C&G ~ paired together with hydrogen bonds

  made of three parts, phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), & nitrogenous base
• Chromosomes


  made up of DNA and proteins

  each single stranded chromosome has 1 DNA molecule >

  each double stranded chromosome has 1 DNA molecule in each chromatid ><
• Types of chromosomes


  homologous

  sex

  autosomes
• Genotype


  the combination of two alleles
• Chromosomal abnormalities


  aneuploidy

  polyploidy

  monosomy

  trisomy

  tetrasomy
• Monosomy


  singular missing chromosome
• Trisomy


  extra chromosome
• Tetrasomy


  two extra chromosomes
• Homozygous


  two of the same allele, either dominant or recessive genotype
• Heterozygous


  one dominant and one recessive allele in the genotype
• Macromolecules


  nucleic acid

  proteins
• Gamete


  Haploid reproductive cell
• Somatic cell


  a diploid, non reproductive cell
• Phenotype


  physical outcome of an allele, observable trait of an individual
• Chromatid


  one half of a replicated chromosome
• Inheritance


  genetic transmission of traits from a parent to child
• Haploid


  single set of chromosomes
• Chromosome


  thread-like structure made up of tightly coiled DNA wrapped around proteins
• Diploid


  two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent
• Homologous


  same structural features and pattern of genes