Science

• • Models help communicate difficult concepts.
  • Patterns can be visualised.
  • Help us remember key information.
  • They become the building blocks of further scientific discoveries.
• • Models help communicate difficult concepts.
  • Patterns can be visualised.
  • Help us remember key information.
  • They become the building blocks of further scientific discoveries.
• • Another strength is helping us to represent ideas that would otherwise be hard to explain.
• • They are simplified versions.
  • They can be interrupted in many different ways.
  • They do not always cover everything in detail and can miss vital details.
  • Models are approximations.
• • Notice that the first letter on all elements in the periodic table is always a CAPITAL letter and the letters that follow are lowercase.
  • That way we know when we have a new element in a compound.
  • For example, CaCO3 contains: 1 atom of Ca (calcium), 1 atom of C (carbon) and 3 atoms of O (oxygen).
• • Pb on the periodic table is Lead.
  • This comes from the Latin plumbum.
  • You will not be surprised to learn lead was once used in plumbing.
  • Some elements are named after planets such as Mercury and Plutonium.
  • Some elements are names after famous scientists such as Bohrium (Niels Bohr) and Einsteinium (Albert Einstein).
• • Scientists also use symbols to represent units.
  • For example:
  • Kilogram – kg
  • Degrees Celsius - °
  • Joules – J
  • Scientists also use symbols from the Greek alphabet when they study radiation – alpha, beta and gamma radiation.
• • The Sun is a star at the centre of our solar system.
  • The Sun is the largest object in the solar system and so has the largest gravitational pull.
  • The Sun contains about 99.8% of the total mass of the solar system.
  • It would take about 1.3 million Earths to fill up the Sun.
• • The visible edge of the Sun is over 5,500°C.
  • The core of the Sun is over 15 million °C.
• When data is analysed and a relationship between two variables is described, it's important to say how changing one variable affects the other. These line graphs show some common shapes that arise when the independent variable (A) affects the dependent variable (B).
• 6. If one variable increases at the same rate each time as the other increases and the line of best fit passes through the origin, then the relationship is described as directly proportional.
• 5. Remember to ignore any outliers when sketching the line of best fit. If they are included thet will alter how the line of best fit looks. the line of best fit ses through the origin, then the relati
• 4. If the line of best fit is a curve, draw with confidence as a sweeping curve, not sketched or feathered.
• • The earliest use of a pie chart is generally credited to Scottish engineer and political economist William Playfair in 1801.
  • More people heard of pie charts after the founder of modern nursing, Florence Nightingale, used them for things like showing death from diseases during the Crimean war.
• The yellow line is straight because each increase in A gives the same decrease in B. This is also true in the straight parts of blue and red lines. When the blue line curves downwards, the same increase in A gives a greater decrease in B. When the red line curves horizontally, the same increase in A gives a smaller decrease in B.
• The yellow line is straight because each increase in A gives the same increase in B. This is also true in the straight parts of blue and red lines. When the blue line curves horizontally, the same increase in A gives a smaller increase in B. When the red line curves upwards, the same increase in A gives a greater increase in B.