Cultural Deprivation

• Who argues that Working-Class students have a subculture that effects their achievement?

  Sugarman.
• What four characteristics does Sugarman argue is in the Working-Class subculture?

  Fatalism, Collectivsim, Immediate gratification and present-time orientation.
• How does Sugarman argue these beliefs are taught?

  Socialization from parents.
• Why does Sugarman argue this working-class subculture exists?

  Middle-class jobs are secure careers that need long commitment to get so encourage the opposite of a working-class subculture.