is meant to transform your data into manageable formats.
DATACLEANING
- This step is focused on identifying which data is relevant and usable.
DATA CLEANING
is to categorize and refine your data to identify themes and trends to be used in making
DATA EXPLORATION
- is the act of breaking down your cleaned data and determining which parts are for what purpose (e.g., is this about participant information, background, examples provided, etc.).
CHUNKING
- is the act of taking these chunks and classifying them according to labels or basic codes.
CLUSTERING
is focused on creating labels and categories that represent the data accurately
CODING
It should be specific and refined so that they answer and relate to the research question
CODES
move from summary to meaning
DESCRIPTIVE TO INTERPRETATIVE TO PATTERN
moves from initial theory to developing relationships between codes for the emerging theory
OPEN TO AXIAL TO SELECTIVE
moves from describing the data units to inferring meaning
FIRST TO THE SECOND CYCLE
is the act of taking these codes and clusters and then adding notes that help explain or define them
MEMOING
- are clustered into categories which are then coded into similar categories. From these codes and clusters, themes emerge that can answer the research question posed.
CHUNKS
focused on telling a story using the results.
NARRATIVE
according to the narrative described by each participant. Useful in case studies.
CHRONOLOGICAL
focused on the main incidents, not the participants
CRITICAL INCIDENTS
data is presented in a way that it revolves around a particular theme
THEMATIC
data can be presented as charts or tables.
VISUAL REPRESENTATION
This is used in qualitative research to verify or check if the data collected from the procedures performed by the researcher is accurate and can support the proposed discussions
VALIDITY
It is the extent to which the questions on the instrument and the scores from these questions represent all possible questions that could be asked about the content or skill
CONTENT VALIDITY
Under content validity - this is the minimum index of content validity. This tests the degree by which the results or instrument measures the concept being measured.
FACE VALIDITY
It is used to predict current or future performances by correlating results with another criterion of interest
CRITERION BASED VALIDITY
Under Criterion Based Validity - relates the results to an already established/validated set of scores.
CONCURRENT VALIDITY
Under Criterion Validity - relates the results to a future criterion to predict some form of behavior
PREDICTIVE VALIDITY
It is used when the goal of the study is to construct theories to understand better and predict behavior
CONSTRUCT VALIDITY
Under construct validity - determines the correlation of different results. This tests the relationship among variables.
CONVERGENT VALIDITY
Under Construct Validity - determines the lack of relationship among certain variables according to theory and empirical evidence.
DISCRIMINANT VALIDITY
relies on multiple validation methods to verify the results of a study.
TRIANGULATION
Act as the "final say" of a study. This is where all implications, inferences, and confirmations are stated.
CONCLUSION
It is not not a summary of the study, but rather a culmination of all finding
CONCLUSION
Suggestive, action statements intended for either fellow researchers, the general public, or for global advancement of information. Recommendations must be:
RECOMMENDATIONS
What to do when writing conclusion?
Restate your position
Emphasize subject importance
Offer Suggestions
End on Relevant Quotes
fonts are used for visual presentation.
Sans Serif
Things to consider in effective communication 1. The purpose of the presentation is to reveal your research findings. Relying on your idea/message alone is not enough to sell your study. Having a strong and simple message makes for a strong, effective presentation.
MESSAGE
Tips to consider in Effective Communication
Researchers do not realize that most people, including world experts, do not want to be blasted with jargon, acronyms, and complex charts and graphs. Concentrate on words and images when making an effective presentation.
WORDS AND IMAGES
1. The most important factor in measuring presentations is how the panel or public audience interacts with the presentation. Interact with the audience to add strength to your presentation.
RAPPORT
End the presentation with a good idea, call to action, or even some knowledge.
RETENTION
Guides and cue cards can be brought when presenting. However, scripts or reading from your manuscript is not
allowed. Familiarize and understand your research, don't memorize it.