PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

• Matter


  Anything that has mass and takes up space
• Matter


  • All matter is made of particles
  • The type and arrangement of the particles determines the properties of the matter
  • Most matter exists as solids, liquids, or gases
• Volume


  The space an object takes up, measured by calculating L X W X H, or in mL with a Graduated Cylinder
• Mass


  The quantity of matter contained in an object, measured by Triple-beam Balance or Electronic Balance
• Weight


  The force produced by gravity acting on the mass of an object, expressed in newtons
• Physical Property


  A characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, state of matter, hardness, melting point or boiling point
• Dissolving sugar in tea does not change the identity of the sugar, it is still sugar
• Chemical Property


  A property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions, can only be determined by trying to cause a chemical change
• Physical change


  • Tearing paper into pieces
• Chemical change


  • Burning paper
• Indicators of a chemical reaction

  • Evolution of a gas
  • Color change
  • Formation of a precipitate
  • Release or absorption of energy
• Reactants


  Substances on the left-hand side of the arrow in a chemical equation
• Products


  Substances on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation
• All physical and chemical changes involve a change in energy
• Energy can be supplied for a change to occur or released during a change
• Physical changes


  • Ice melting
  • Water boiling
• In a physical change, the substance's chemical composition is not altered
• In a chemical change, the substance's chemical composition is altered
• Atom


  The basic unit of matter, there are about 110 different kinds
• Pure substance


  A sample of matter (either a single element or a single compound) that has definite chemical and physical properties
• Pure substances


  • Copper wire
  • Helium in balloons
• Element


  A pure substance that contains only one kind of atom, each with unique physical and chemical properties represented by a chemical symbol
• Molecule


  The smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of its physical and chemical properties, can consist of one atom or two or more atoms bonded together
• Compound


  A pure substance composed of more than one kind of atom, represented by formulas showing the ratio of atoms
• Mixture


  A sample of matter that contains two or more pure substances
• Water is not a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, they are bonded as a molecule
• Homogeneous mixture


  A mixture with a uniform distribution of materials throughout
• Homogeneous mixture


  • Sweetened tea
  • 14 karat gold
• Heterogeneous mixture


  A mixture composed of components that are dissimilar (not alike, nor in equal quantities)
• Heterogeneous mixture


  • Sand and water
  • Salad