2

• Data


  Present everywhere and can be analyzed to reach certain conclusions and make decisions
• Data


  • Results
  • Discussion
• Methods for Exploration


  1. _______

  2. _______
• What to look for

  1. _______

  2. _______
• Methods for Validation


  1. _______

  2. _______

  3. _______

  4. _______
• Based on Your:


  1. _______

  2. _______
• Data Cleaning/Preparation


  • Transform data into manageable formats
  • Identify relevant and usable data
• Data Exploration


  1. Chunking

  2. Clustering

  3. Coding

  4. Memoing
• Chunking


  Breaking down cleaned data and determining purpose of parts
• Clustering


  Classifying chunks according to labels or basic codes
• Coding


  • Creating labels and categories that represent data accurately
  • Moves from descriptive to interpretative to pattern
  • Moves from open to axial to selective
  • Moves from first to second cycle
• Memoing


  Taking codes and clusters and adding notes to explain or define them
• Data Interpretation and Presentation

  1. Narrative

  2. Chronological

  3. Critical Incidents

  4. Thematic

  5. Visual representation
• Validity


  Verify or check if data collected is accurate and can support proposed discussions
• Types of Validity


  • Content validity
  • Criterion-based validity
  • Construct validity
  • Triangulation
• Content Validity


  • Extent to which questions on instrument and scores represent all possible questions
  • Face Validity - minimum index of content validity, tests degree to which results/instrument measures concept
• Criterion-based Validity


  • Concurrent Validity - relates results to established/validated scores
  • Predictive Validity - relates results to future criterion to predict behavior
• Construct Validity


  • Convergent Validity - determines correlation of different results
  • Discriminant Validity - determines lack of relationship among certain variables
• Triangulation


  • Uses multiple validation methods to verify results
  • With different investigators
  • With different research methods (same research type)
  • With different research methods (different research types)