cardiovascular diseases

• Cardiovascular diseases


  Diseases of the heart or blood vessels
• Cardiovascular diseases

  • Coronary heart disease
• Coronary heart disease


  A disease of the coronary arteries
• Coronary heart disease

  1. Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with blood

  2. Fatty deposits build up in the coronary arteries

  3. Arteries become narrow

  4. Reduces blood flow to the heart muscle

  5. Less oxygen can get to the heart muscle, can result in a heart attack
• Stents

  • Tubes put inside coronary arteries by surgery
  • Keep the arteries open
  • Allow blood to reach the heart muscles
  • Reduce the risk of a heart attack
• Stents are used


  To treat coronary heart disease
• Cholesterol


  A lipid that the body needs, but too much can cause fatty deposits in arteries
• Statins

  Drugs that can reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood, slowing down the rate of fatty deposits forming
• Faulty heart valves


  • Can stiffen and not open properly
  • Can become leaky, with blood flowing in both directions instead of just forward
  • Reduces the flow of blood around the body
• Replacing a faulty heart valve

  1. Can be done with biological valves from humans or other mammals

  2. Or can be replaced with mechanical, man-made valves
• Heart transplant

  • Replacing a person's heart with a donor heart
  • Can happen if someone has heart failure, when the heart can't pump enough blood
• Artificial heart

  • A machine that pumps blood around the body
  • Can be used to keep a person alive until a donor heart is available
  • Can help a person recover by allowing the heart to rest and heal
  • Can be permanent, so a donor heart isn't needed anymore
• which vessels are affected in coronary heart disease?

  coronary arterie
• how might someone with heart failure and no donor be treated?

  artificial heart can be fitted
• what’s an artificial heart?

  a mechanical device that is put into a person to pump blood if heart fails
• what are stents

  tubes that are put inside arteries to keep them open
• what are statins?

  drugs that reduce cholesterol in the blood
• disadvantages to a patient if taking drugs to reduce blood cholesterol

  • cause unwanted side effects
  • games time for them to woke
  • person has to remember to take them regularly
• risks of replacing faulty valves

  • requires surgery which could lead to bleeding or infection
  • problems with blood clots
• how can the presence of fatty materials affect oxygen delivery to the heart muscle

  fatty material causes the coronary arteries to become narrow so blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced. reduces the delivery of oxygen to the heart muscle