General Science (Reading 1)

• Systematic study observed in Natural or Physical and Social Environment.

  Science
• Branches of Science 


  • The Physical Science

  • The Earth Science

  • The Life Science (Biology)
• Categories under the Physical Science

  • Physics

  • Chemistry

  • Astronomy
• Study of matter & energy & interactions between them

  Physics
• Deals with composition, properties, reactions, and the structure of matter

  Chemistry
• Study of the Universe beyond Earth's atmosphere


  Astronomy
• Categories under the Earth Science

  • Paleontology

  • Geology

  • Oceanography

  • Meteorology
• Science of Origin, History, and structure of Earth, physical, chemical, and biological changes experienced

  Geology
• Exploration and study of ocean

  Oceanography
• Existed in prehistoric or geologic periods 


  Paleontology
• Deals with atmosphere and its phenomena

  Meteorology
• Categories under the life sciences

  • Botany

  • Zoology

  • Genetics

  • Medicine
• Study of Plants


  Botany
• Study of animals and animal life 


  Zoology
• Study of heredity


  Genetics
• Science of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illnesses, diseases, and injuries.

  Medicine
• Logical method to acquire knowledge used to explain different phenomena in nature.

  Scientific Method
• Thing observed by the senses

  Phenomenon
• Scientifically tested observation


  Fact
• Scientific Method 6 basic steps

  • Identify and clearly state the problem

  • Gather Information pertinent to the problem

  • Formulate hypothesis

  • Test the hypothesis

  • Draw generalizations or Conclusions

  • Apply the principle (conclusion) to other situations
• Manipulating one of the conditions or factors may affect the result of the experiment

  Controlled experiments
• Number of times experiment is repeated


  Trials
• Factors kept constant throughout experiments

  Controls
• Factors change during experiment

  Variables
• Kinds of Controlled Experiment

  • Independent or experimental

  • Dependent
• Factors are change 


  Independent or experimental
• Factors change as a result of changes in independent variable

  Dependent
• Presentation of Data


  • Table

  • Graphs
• Easy to read, organize presentations


  Table
• Readily show patterns of data

  Graphs
• Kinds of Graphs 


  • Line

  • Bar
• Use when comparing two continuously changing variables

  Line
• Use when comparing a changing value with an unchanging value.

  Bar
• A statement about the result of the experiment

  Conclusion
• A statement describes what happens, does not explain the cause of the occurrence.

  Law
• Hypothesis can be explained from observations

  Theory
• Scientific Traits 


  • Curiosity

  • Logic and System

  • Open-mindedness

  • Intellectually honest

  • Hardwork and Perseverance

  • Not Opinionated

  • Creativity and Critical Thinking
• Keen observation of things and events in surroundings

  Curiosity
• Use of step-by-step experimental method and keeping of accurate records.

  Logic and System
• Readiness or willingness to change or modify ideas or principles if necessary.


  Open-mindedness