art elements and principles

• Art elements are the basic building blocks of any artwork.
• Art principles is the way that art elements are used in an artwork.
• Colour is generated by light reflecting off a surface. Colour is a visual sensation and can be represented realistically, or it can be deliberately changed by the artist for emotional effects.
• Line is considered as a moving dot. It has length and direction and may be made by pen, pencil, paint tool or brush.
• Shape is a defined, contained space that is 2D. It can be free-form and organic (natural) or geometric.
• Form is a 3D shape that comprises volume and has length, width, and height.
• Tone refers to how light or dark a colour is.
• Texture is the apparent surface quality of a work of art. It may be physical, able to be felt through touch, or texture may simply be shown as a visual.
• Contrast can be defined as difference. Difference between art elements like colour, tone, scale, texture, etc. It is arranging opposite elements together such as light vs dark, smooth vs rough.
• The focal point is the place that the eye naturally travels to in a work of art. It is the focus or the centre of interest in an artwork.
• Balance refers to the overall distribution of visual weight. A well-balanced composition feels comfortable to look at. Balance can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
• Movement is the appearance of motion or action. Movement is used to direct the viewer’s eye through an artwork, often towards the focal point.
• Pattern is the recurring and ordered arrangement of an object or motif. Patterns are made by arranging shapes, lines, and forms in a repetitive way.
• Unity is a sense of cohesion; how all the components of the painting come together to appear unified. It is the wholeness or completeness of a painting.
• Scale is the overall size of an artwork or size of objects in an artwork. It can be exaggerated to be very large or very small in comparison to the real world.
• Proportion is the relationship between different sized parts within one whole. Proportion may be realistic, or it may be changed and distorted.
• Space is the area around, above, and within an object. For drawings and paintings, the artist's goal is to create the illusion of 3D space.
• Variety is the use of different lines, brush strokes, colours, shapes, and other elements to achieve visual diversity.