History

• What were the consequences for Germany at the end of WWI?

  Germany lost 2 million soldiers, had 4 million wounded, faced massive debt, and food shortages.
• What led to Kaiser Wilhelm's abdication?


  Kaiser Wilhelm lost control of the country due to strikes and riots.
• When did Kaiser Wilhelm abdicate?

  On 9/11/18.
• Who was appointed head of government after the Kaiser abdicated?

  Ebert, the leader of the SDP, was appointed head of government.
• What significant event occurred on 11/11/18?

  Germany surrendered and an armistice was signed.
• What were Ebert's goals for stabilizing Germany?

  Ebert aimed to instill confidence in the Republic and gain support from the army, trade unions, and business.
• What was the significance of the January 1919 elections?

  The elections were held to form the National Assembly to create the Weimar Constitution.
• What were the strengths of the Weimar Constitution?

  • Very democratic: allowed over 21s and women to vote
  • Proportional Representation for small parties
  • Power divided to prevent concentration of power

  
• What were the weaknesses of the Weimar Constitution?

  • Proportional Representation led to unstable coalition governments
  • Article 48 allowed Chancellor to pass laws without Reichstag approval
  • Larger parties opposed to democracy were elected

  
• What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?

  Germany had to accept war guilt, pay £6.6 billion in reparations, and lost territories.
• What territories did Germany lose as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

  Germany lost Alsace Lorraine, Saar coalfields, and Posen.
• What was the maximum size of the German army after the Treaty of Versailles?

  100,000 troops.
• What was the "stab in the back" theory?

  It was the belief that politicians who signed the Treaty of Versailles betrayed Germany.
• Who led the Spartacist Revolt in 1919?

  Rosa Luxembourg.
• What was the outcome of the Spartacist Revolt?

  The revolt was crushed by the Freikorps, and Rosa Luxembourg was killed.
• What was the Kapp Putsch?


  A political uprising led by Wolfgang Kapp in 1920.
• What was the result of the Kapp Putsch?

  The government fled to Weimar and called for a general strike, which stopped the uprising.
• How did the Ruhr occupation affect Germany's economy?

  It weakened Germany's economy as the Ruhr contained 80% of its iron, coal, and steel.
• What led to hyperinflation in Germany?

  Hyperinflation was caused by the government printing more money to cope with shortages.
• What was the price of bread in Germany in 1919 compared to 1923?


  In 1919, it was 1 mark; by 1923, it was 200,000 billion marks.
• What were the key recovery measures taken by Stresemann from 1924 to 1929?

  • Introduced the Rentenmark to stabilize the economy
  • Dawes Plan provided loans from the US and reduced reparations
  • Young Plan further reduced reparations and increased confidence

  
• What was the Rentenmark?

  A new German currency introduced in November 1923.
• What was the Dawes Plan?

  A 1924 agreement to help Germany pay reparations with a loan from the US.
• What did the Young Plan achieve in 1929?

  It reduced total reparations to £2 billion, paid over 59 years.
• What were the key foreign relations agreements made by Germany during the recovery period?

  • Locarno Pact (1925): peaceful borders with France
  • Joined the League of Nations (1926)
  • Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928): agreement not to resort to war

  
• How did living standards change in Germany from 1918 to 1929?

  Living standards decreased during the economic crises but improved after 1923.
• What rights were granted to women in the Weimar Republic?

  Women were given the right to vote and more opportunities in the workforce.
• What cultural changes occurred during the Weimar Republic?


  New freedoms and economic recovery led to new styles of art, cinema, and architecture.
• What does the term "abdicate" mean?


  To stand down from a role, typically used for emperors or kings.
• What is the role of a Chancellor?

  The leader of the German Parliament.
• What is a Constitution?

  A set of rules for running a country.
• What is a Putsch?


  A political uprising.
• What was the original name of the Nazi Party?

  The German Workers Party (DAP).
• What was the significance of Hitler's 25 Point Programme?

  It outlined the Nazi Party's political beliefs and goals.
• When did Hitler become the leader of the Nazi Party?


  In July 1921.
• What was the role of the SA in the Nazi Party?

  The SA acted as a private army for the Nazis, controlling crowds and opposition.
• What event triggered the Munich Putsch?

  The anger over the Treaty of Versailles and hyperinflation.
• What happened during the Munich Putsch?

  Hitler attempted to take over the Bavarian government but was arrested.
• What were the consequences of the Munich Putsch for Hitler and the Nazi Party?

  Hitler was imprisoned, and the NSDAP was banned temporarily.
• What did Hitler write while in prison?

  Mein Kampf, outlining his political ideas.