(History) Information science and technology

• data


  raw facts
• 1. Alpha data

  2. Numeric data

  3. aalpha numeric data

  4. Audio data

  5. Image data

  6. Video data

  types of data
• examples of data: BP, Temperature, heart rate etc.
• information


  processed data that has meaning; data that has been processed using knowledge
• example of information: combination of BP, Temperature, HR for patient's information
• information science


  A multi-disciplinary science that involves aspects from computer science, cognitive science, communication science to deal with obtaining, gathering, organizing, managing, storing, etc. of information
• 1957

  > German Computer Scientist: KARL STEINBUCH

  > "INFORMATIK"

  
  

  1968

  > PHILIPPE LOUIS DREYFUS

  > "INFORMATIQUE"

  
  

  Further translated by: WALTER F. BAUER

  > "INFORMATICS"
• informatics is the combination of the terms information and automation
• informatics


  automatic information processing
• ABACUS


  Very First Calculating Tool
• the abacus was made by the babylonians in mesopotamia in 300 BC and 500 BC in China
• JOHN NAPIER


  Inventor of Logarithms
• NAPIER'S BONE (1550-1617)


  john napier created this which has multiplication as mathematical operation
• WILLIAM OUGHTRED


  Improved the Napier's Bone
• SLIDE RULE (1700)


  created by william oughtred
• gottfried wilhelm leibniz


  german mathematician who invented the stepped reckoner
• stepped reckoner (idea-1622; completed-1642)

  can do all four basic arithmeti functions
• blaise pascal


  french mathematician; father of probability
• pascaline/pascal calculator (1642)


  invented by blaise pascal to help his father collect taxes; has addition and subtraction as mathematical operations
• JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD


  French Weaver and Merchant who invented jacquard loom
• jacquard loom (1801)


  controls a chain of punchcards
• charles babbage


  english mathematician; father of computer; invented difference engine/analytical engine
• Difference Engine/ Analytical Engine (1822)


  solve equations and print the results in the form of Mathematical Tables
• the store where numbers are held in the analytical engine, while mill is where the number arewoventoa new result
• AUGUSTA ADA LOVELACEBYRON ( 1835)


  First programmer;Worked with Babbage; Her notes became the source of creating engine/ program
• HERMAN HOLLERITH


  Father of Modern Automatic Computation; Founder of TABULATING MACHINE
• tabulating machine (1890)


  merged with IBM; stored info as holes on cards that were interpreted by machines with electrical sensors
• purpose of tabulating machine: to record census data
• ALAN TURING


  Professor of Atansoff
• Alan Turing published a paper in 1936 about computable numbers "TURING GAME" or "UNIVERSAL GAME"
• JOHN VINCENT ATANSOFF


  He invented the " ABC MACHINE"
• ABC MACHINE (1939)


  The First Electronic Digital Computer
• the British made colossus with Alan Turing produced during 1976 secretly done in bletchy park, "enigma machine"
• colossus (December 1943)


  1st fully Operational Working Computer, used to crack encrypted German Military Codes
• HOWARD AIKEN


  Developed the " MARK1" in Harvard University
• MARK 1 (1944)


  First General purpose Modern Computer; slow and prone to malfunction
• mark 1 is also called as: AUTOMATIC SEQUENCE CONTROLLED CALCULATOR(ASCC)
• UNIVAC (1951)


  First commercially successful First Generation Computer developed in Remington
• made the UNIVAC: Presper eckert and john mauchly (sperry- rand corporation)
• use of UNIVAC: General Purpose, Stored Program Electronic Digital Computer