pt 1

• radiograph


  the image
• radiography


  process of taking the image
• radiographer


  the person who takes the image
• process of xrays


  -xrays generated in the tube

  -xrays come out of the tube

  -xrays collect in the image receptor after going through the patient

  -process the image
• types of radiography


  conventional

  digital
• conventional


  film
• digital


  computed radiography

  direct radiography
• what equipment is generally in the xray room

  -xray tube

  -radiographic table

  -upright bucky

  -control panel

  -lead lined window
• xray tube

  glass envelope

  cathode

  anode

  rotor
• anode


  has focal track

  xray is generated at the focal spot

  rotates

  rotor rotates it
• xray tube housing

  inside the top section

  metal case that is lead lined

  filled with oil to disipate heat
• light button


  shows the xray field
• xray beam


  electromagnetic radiation

  lead will absorb most of the misguided rays

  opening in the housing where the rays are meant to leave
• useful beam


  the beam that travels straight
• focal spot


  physical area on the anode of the tube where the xrays are produced
• focal spot sizes

  small: better image quality, small body parts

  large: not as good of a picture, larger body parts
• beam divergence

  beams travel in a straight line but diverge out

  continue to diverge even after hitting the patient
• SID

  source (focal spot) to image distance
• SSD

  source (focal spot) to skin distance
• OID


  object to image distance

  center of object to the IR
• when to use the tape measure

  anything table top
• beam restrictor


  adjusts the field of view
• types of beam restrictors

  diaphragm

  cone

  collimator
• collimator


  can make a variety of sizes of squares and rectangles

  lead leaves change the size
• what ways can the xray tube move

  up and down

  horizontally

  angle

  pivot
• image receptor

  IR

  anything that receives the image

  cassette with film

  image plate (CR)

  solid state detector (DR)

  fluoroscopy screen
• IR sizes

  8x10

  10x12

  14x17
• grid


  composed of lead strips covered with aluminum

  improve the image quality by cleaning up scatter
• Cap grid


  portables
• Bucky grid


  Gustave Bucky 1913
• screen


  patient directly on table with no grid
• 10 cm rule


  if the area is 10 cm or larger than you should use a grid
• reciprocating grid


  can move from side to side along the length of the table
• radiographic table


  has a bucky underneath

  floating tabletop with controls

  adjustable height
• Upright bucky

  can move up and down

  locked in place all the time

  some can angle to become flat
• patient position


  identifies the overall posture or body position
• part position


  position of the body in reference to the IR
• shielding patients


  only shield when asked

  in between the patient and the tube
• shielding self


  OSL badge outside of the thyroid shield

  have to be shielded anytime on fluoro or portables
• ancillary equipment

  calipers

  sponges

  plexi glas