Earth science

• The hydrosphere includes all water on or near the surface of the earth.
• Liquid water makes up less than 3% of the total volume of water on Earth.
• Ice covers about 10% of the land area and most of Antarctica.
• Water is found as ice, liquid, and vapor (gas).
• The biosphere consists of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.
• The biosphere refers to the part of the earth where life exists, including terrestrial ecosystems (forests, grasslands, deserts) and aquatic ecosystems (ocean, freshwater).
• The geosphere encompasses the solid earth, including rocks, minerals, soil, and sedimentary deposits.
• Ice covers about 10% of the land area and most of Antarctica.
• The geosphere encompasses the solid earth, including rocks, minerals, soil, and sedimentary deposits.
• The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth.
• The lithosphere consists of the crust, mantle, and outer core.
• Atmosphere


  The layer of gases that surrounds the Earth, primarily composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases.
• Hydrosphere


  The part of the Earth that surrounds water, including oceans, lakes, rivers, wetlands, and groundwater.