ENGLISH SUBS

• Listening


  is to give attention to sound or action. When listening, one is hearing what others are saying, and trying to understand what it means.
• Affective processes 


  this include the motivation to listen to others
• Cognitive processes


  This include attending to, understanding, receiving and interpreting content and relational messages
• Behavioral processes 


  This include responding to others with verbal and nonverbal feedback
• Listening 


  is a skill for resolving problems
• Hearing


  a physiological phenomenon; listening as a psychological act
• Alerting


  involves detection of environmental sound cues. This means that certain places have certain sounds associated with them, for example, any given home
• Deciphering


  involves detecting patterns when interpreting sounds; for example, a child waiting for the sound of his mother's return home
• Understanding


  means knowing how what one says will affect another. This sort of listening is important in psychoanalysis, the study of the unconscious mind.
• Active listening 


  involves listening to whatever is being said, attempting to understand it. It requires good listeners who are attentive, nonjudgmental, non-interrupting
• intensive listening


  in which learners attempt to listen with maximum accuracy to a relatively brief sequence of speech
• extensive listening


  in which learners listen to lengthy passages for general comprehension.
• Rhetorical Listening


  as a trope for interpretive invention, it can be used as a tool to understand the experiences and voices of other people.
• Reading 


  the Mother of All Study Skills
• Reading 


  is not merely an ability to recognize written or printed words, but it also refers to putting meaning to what you read and drawing a unified thought of what is read
• Reading


  an active dialogue between the author and the reader, and is the basic tool for learning in all subjects
• Skimming


  This is a method of rapidly moving the eyes over text with the purpose of getting only the main ideas and a general overview of the content
• Pre-reading Skimming 


  more thorough than simple previewing and can give a more accurate picture of text to be read later
• Reviewing--Skimming


  it is useful for reviewing text already read
• Reading--Skimming 


  It is most often used for quickly reading material that, for any number of reasons, does not need more detailed attention
• Scanning


  This rapidly covers a great deal of material in order to locate a specific fact or piece of information
• Scanning 


  It is very useful for finding a specific name, date, statistic, or fact without reading the entire article
• Main idea


  the central, or most important, idea in a paragraph or passage
• Supporting details 


  These are reasons, examples, facts, steps, or other kinds of evidence that back up and explain a main idea
• major details 


  the most important and are more general than the minor details
• minor details


  These are more specific and help fill out and explain the major details.
• Outlining


  helps one understand and see clearly the relationship between a main idea and its supporting details
• Idea reading


  This is to get the main idea of the material. This involves the three psychological processes of reading- Sensation, Perception, and Comprehension.
• Exploratory reading


  This is done when the reader wants to know how the whole selection is presented. It aims to get the accurate picture of the whole presentation of ideas.
• Analytic reading


  A careful examination of each work to identify word relationship is the main purpose of analytic reading.
• Critical reading


  This makes the reader weigh facts, information, or ideas presented in the selection, so that he, too, can perform judgments or conclusions about them.
• Narcotic reading


  This is done by a person who wants to get rid of his everyday troubles, depressions, frustrations, problems, through reading magazines, stories, novels, essays, and others
• Extensive reading


  If the reader spends his leisure time by reading any kind of material that is interesting to him, he will consider his act of reading extensive reading
• Intensive reading


  Doing serious reading books, periodicals, and other library materials for research work or a report is the main concern of this kind of reading. It is a careful or in-depth reading
• Developmental reading


  In case the reading activities of a person are under a comprehensive reading program that consists of several stages starting from the reader’s preschool period to his collegiate level
• Literal Comprehension


  It involves what the author is actually saying. The reader needs to understand ideas and information explicitly stated in the reading material
• Inferential Comprehension


  This deals with what the author means by what is said. The reader must simply read between the lines and make inferences about things not directly stated
• Critical Comprehension


  This concerns itself with why the author says what he or she says. This high level of comprehension requires the reader to use some external criteria from his/her own experience
• Applied Comprehension


  Understandings at the literal and interpretive levels are combined, reorganized and restructured at the applied level to express opinions, draw new insights and develop fresh ideas
• Extended Speaking 


  a type of speaking activity that involves learners speaking for longer periods of time and in a freer form than controlled speaking practice.