IMAGING INFORMATICS

• Lateral view


  A profile view of the thoracic cavity
• Lateral view


  • Used in cases with diagnostic uncertainty
  • Helps locate and diagnose suspected chest issues when used in conjunction with a PA view X-ray

  
• Anterior to posterior (AP) radiographs

  Posterior structures are closer to the cassette
• Posterior to anterior (PA) images

  Anterior structures are closer to the cassette
• Anna Bertha Ludwig was Roentgen's wife
• Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield was the father of CT scan
• Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895
• Clarence Dally was the first casualty of X-rays, dying of skin cancer at age 39
• Antoine Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity
• 1. ray


  An unknown ray discovered by Roentgen
• Planar radiograph (2D)


  • AP/PA/Lateral only
• Nuclear medicine


  Using radioactive elements, the patient is the source of radiation
• Radiotracer


  Trace the activity levels of a substance
• George de Hevesy is the father of nuclear medicine
• Development of nuclear medicine techniques

  1. First trial happened to plants

  2. Then to animals

  3. Then to humans
• Static imaging


  Image taken at a single point in time
• Dynamic imaging


  Series of images taken over a period of time
• Hal Anger invented the Anger scintillation camera
• Medical imaging modalities


  • Mammography
  • Fluoroscopy
  • CT Scan
  • Ultrasound
  • MRI
• John Rayleigh studied the interaction of sound waves in sonar, which later applied to medicine

  
• Raymond Damadian is the father of MRI
• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German mathematician who published ideas about computable numbers
• Alan Turing published a paper about computable numbers in 1936
• John Vincent Atanasoff invented the first electronic digital computer, the ABC machine, in 1939
• Joseph Marie Jacquard invented the Jacquard loom, an early programmable device, in 1801
• Charles Babbage proposed the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine, early computer designs, in the 1800s
• Ada Lovelace is considered the first computer programmer for her work with Babbage
• Herman Hollerith founded the company that became IBM, using punch cards to store data
• Informatics


  The combination of the terms information and automation
• Generations of computers


  • First generation (1939-1958)
  • Second generation (1958-1985)
  • Third generation
  • Fourth generation
  • Fifth generation
• First generation computers


  • Vacuum tube based, unreliable, huge, expensive, slow, generate a lot of heat, non-portable
• Second generation computers


  • Transistor based, reliable, smaller, faster, consume less electricity, non-portable
• John Neumann developed the concept of the stored program computer
• Maurice Wilkes developed EDSAC, one of the first stored program computers, in 1949
• Ted Hoff developed the microprocessor at Intel in 1971
• Key elements of information science and information technology

  • Information processing
  • Communication technology
  • Modem (modulate/demodulate)
• Integrated circuit


  Has lots of transistors and other electronic elements fused onto a chip
• Integrated circuit


  Consists of a single IC, resistors, capacitor along with associated circuitry
• Microprocessor


  Developed in 1971 by Ted Hoff (Intel Corp.)
• Features/Criteria of Third Generation

  • More reliable
  • Lesser maintenance
  • Consumes less electricity
  • Smaller size