THE BLOOD AND THE BLOOD CLOTHING PROCESS

• Blood


  A liquid tissue and the circulating medium of the cardiovascular system
• Blood comprises 8% of the human body weight
• An average adult has about five liters of blood
• Main functions of blood


  • Transport materials
  • Fight infections
• Blood components


  • Plasma
  • Formed elements (corpuscles)
• Plasma


  The liquid portion of the blood, comprising about 55% of the blood by weight
• Composition of plasma


  • 92% water
  • 8% blood proteins
  • Trace amounts of inorganic materials
• Blood proteins in plasma

  • Gamma globulin
  • Albumin
  • Prothrombin
  • Fibrinogen
• Figure 1.11 shows a certain volume of blood after centrifugation to separate the plasma and the other components of the blood
• Formed elements (corpuscles)


  Comprise 45% of the blood by weight
• Formed elements (corpuscles)


  • Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
  • Leukocytes (white blood cells)
  • Thrombocytes (blood platelets)
• The formed elements are synthesized in the red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) of flat and long bones
• Erythrocytes (red blood cells)


  The red color is attributed to the pigment hemoglobin, an iron-containing molecule that can bind with oxygen
• Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

  • Biconcave in shape
  • Elastic
  • Anucleated
• Leukocytes (white blood cells)


  The soldiers of the body, defending against infectious diseases and foreign materials
• Leukocytes (white blood cells)


  • Have indefinite shapes (amorphous)
  • Nucleated
• Types of leukocytes (white blood cells)

  • Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
  • Agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes)
• The shapes of the nuclei and the presence or absence of granules in the cytoplasm are used for identifying white blood cells
• Thrombocytes (blood platelets)


  Not true cells, but remnants of the mother cell in the myeloid tissue
• Thrombocytes (blood platelets)


  • Irregular in shape
  • Disintegrate upon contact with air
• Blood clotting process


  An adaptation that stops the bleeding process due to an injury
• The blood should clot within 2 minutes when a cut or an injury occurs
• Blood clotting process


  1. Blood components come out when there is a cut

  2. The dot prevents blood components from coming out

  3. Fibrin threads trap red blood cells from coming out
• The blood clotting process consists of events involving the blood platelets, some enzymes, a mineral and blood proteins found in the plasma
• the red color is attributed to the pigment hemoglobin
• white blood cells with granules are called granulocytes. Those without, are called agranulocytes.
• 3 types of granulocytes

  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
• two agranulocytes

  • monocytes
  • lymphocytes