Biology

• Health


  The state of physical and mental wellbeing
• Diseases are often responsible for causing ill health
• Communicable diseases

  Diseases that can spread from person to person or between animals and people
• Non-communicable diseases


  Diseases that cannot spread between people or between animals and people
• Communicable diseases

  • Measles
  • Malaria
• Non-communicable diseases

  • Coronary heart disease
• Some diseases can cause other physical and mental health issues
• Pathogen

  A microorganism that can cause disease
• Immune system reaction (caused by a pathogen)

  May lead to an allergic reaction or worsen the symptoms of asthma
• Viruses infecting cells in the body

  Can lead to some types of cancer
• Physical health problems


  May lead to mental health problems
• Risk factor


  Something that is linked to an increased chance of getting a certain disease
• Risk factors don't mean that someone will definitely get the disease
• Types of risk factors


  • Lifestyle factors
  • Substances in a person's environment
  • Substances in a person's body
• Many non-communicable diseases are caused by several risk factors that interact with each other
• Lifestyle factors


  Can have different effects locally, nationally and globally
• Globally, non-communicable diseases are more common in developed countries
• Nationally, cardiovascular disease, obesity and Type 2 diabetes are more common in poorer areas
• Individual choices affect how common a disease is locally
• Carcinogen


  Something that causes cancer
• Ionising radiation (e.g. from X-rays) is an example of a carcinogen
• Some risk factors don't directly cause a disease, but there is a correlation between the risk factor and the disease
• Risk factors that cause disease don't mean you'll definitely get the disease, they just increase the chance of it happening
• Benign tumour


  A mass of abnormal cells that stays in one place and doesn't invade other parts of the body
• Malignant tumour


  A tumour that spreads to other parts of the body, with cells breaking off and forming secondary tumours
• Lifestyle risk factors for cancer


  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Viral infection
  • UV exposure
• Genetic factors

  Inheriting faulty genes that make you more likely to get cancer
• People have become more likely to survive cancer because of improved treatments, earlier diagnosis, more screening, and better knowledge of risk factors
• is health the state of physical well being only?

  it’s mental and physical
• what does it mean if a disease is ‘communicable’?

  the disease can spread
• what disease can uncontrolled cell division lead to?

  tumours, Benign or Malignant
• benign tumours are cancerous 


  malignant tumors are not benign
• what is meant by the term risk factor?

  something that is linked to an increase chance of getting a disease
• lung disease risk factor 


  smoking
• whats a carcinogen that is a risk for cancer?

  ionsing radiating
• people with immune system problems are…


  more likely to suffer from communicable diseases