endocrine system

• Endocrine system

  • second controlling system of the body
  • coordinate & directs the activity of the body cells
  • tissues and glands that secretes hormones
• hormones

  • “to arouse”
  • alters the rate of normal or usual metabolic processes
  • substances that produced by ductless glands
  • diffuse from the secreting cells through the blood vessels directly into the blood
• mechanism: hormone to blood stream to target cell
• hormonal stimulus

  • prodded into action by other hormones
• humoral stimulus

  • ions and nutrients
  • humor-various fluids (blood, bile, and others)
• neural stimulus

  • nerve fibers
• pituitary glands

  • pea
  • hangs by a stalk , inferior surface of hypothalamus
  • Turk’s saddle (sphenoid bone)
• anterior - master endocrine gland; from hypothalamus
• posterior - storage of hormones
• oxytocin - childbirth and nursing woman
• antidiuretic hormone - inhibits production of urine
• growth hormone - height

  gland: pituitary
• prolactin - produces milk

  gland: pituitary
• thyroid stimulating hormone - stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine
• luteinizing - egg production
• melatonin - biological rhythms

  gland: pineal
• thyroid hormone - metabolic hormone

  gland: thyroid
• calcitonin - reduces blood calcium level

  gland: thyroid
• parathormone - regulator of calcium ion (Ca 2+) for homeostasis of

  the blood

  gland: parathyroid
• thymosin - a protein that stimulates the growth of T cells

  gland: thymus
• mineralocorticoids -regulates salt

  gland: adrenal
• glucocorticosteroids - normal metabolism and prevents stress

  gland: adrenal
• epinephrine - also called as adrenaline
• norepinephrine - also called as noradrenaline
• insulin - lowers blood sugar level

  gland: pancreas
• glucagon - increases the blood sugar level

  gland: pancreas
• estrogen - secondary characteristics, maintain pregnancy

  gland: gonads
• progesterone - quiets the muscle of the uterus

  gland: gonads
• testosterone - support the sperm formation
• dwarfism - hyposecretion of GH
• gigantism - hypersecretion of GH
• acromegaly - enlargement of the head, face, and neck
• cretinism - lack of TSH