psychodynamic

• unconscious id - pleasure principle
• conscious ego - reality principle
• unconscious superego - morality principle
• defence mechanisms: denial, repression, displacement
• defence mechanism is an unconscious strategy that ego uses to reduce anxiety caused by id and superego
• Freud argued child development occurred in 5 stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
• Stage: Oral 0-1 years

  Description: Focus of pleasure is the mouth, mother's breast can be the object of desire

  Consequence of unresolved conflict: Oral fixation - smoking, biting nails, sarcastic, critical
• Stage: Anal 1-3 years

  • focus of pleasure is the anus
  • child gains pleasure from withholding and expelling faeces

  Consequence of unresolved conflict:

  • Anal retentive - perfectionist, obsessive
  • Anal expulsive - thoughtless, messy
• Stage: Phallic, 3-6 years

  • focus of pleasure is the genital area

  Consequence of unresolved conflict:

  • Phallic personality - narcissistic, reckless
• Stage: Latency

  • Earlier conflicts are repressed
• Stage: Genital

  • Sexual desires become conscious alongside the onset of puberty

  Consequence of unresolved conflict:

  • Difficulty forming heterosexual relationships