Skeletal

• Images of the skull

  • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:704_Skull-01.jpg
  • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:705_Lateral_View_of_Skull-01.svg
  • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:730_Posterior_View_Skull.jpg
  • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:707_Superior-Inferior_View_of_Skull_Base-01.jpg
• Images of the ethmoid and sphenoid bones

  • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rotation_ethmoid.gif
  • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rotation_sphenoid_bone.gif
• Sutures

  Joints that hold the skull bones together, composed of dense fibrous connective tissue, considered immovable
• Types of sutures

  • Sagittal suture
  • Coronal suture
  • Lambdoidal suture
  • Squamosal suture
• Bony landmarks

  • Tubercle
  • Tuberosity
  • Styloid process
  • Trochanter
  • Condyle
  • Foramen
  • Nutrient foramen
  • Suture
  • Sinus
• Vertebrae

  Bones that stack to form the spine, provide support for the head and trunk, and house the spinal cord
• Sections of the spine

  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
• Vertebrae in the spine

  • 24 vertebrae
  • Sacrum (5 fused)
  • Coccyx (4 usually fused)
• Vertebrae numbering

  C2 = 2nd cervical, T5 = 5th thoracic, L5 = 5th lumbar
• Vertebrae structure

  • Body
  • Pedicles
  • Transverse processes
  • Lamina
  • Spinous processes
• Cervical vertebrae

  • Small bodies
  • Large spinal canals
  • Foramen in transverse processes
  • Bifid spinous processes
• Thoracic vertebrae

  • Larger bodies
  • Flat articulating facets for ribs
• Lumbar vertebrae

  • Largest, bear most weight, smaller spinal canals
• Spinal curves

  • Cervical (lordotic)
  • Thoracic (kyphotic)
  • Lumbar (lordotic)
  • Pelvic (kyphotic)
• Lordotic curves

  Convex anterior, more mobile
• Kyphotic curves

  Concave anterior, less mobile
• Hyperlorosis

  Increased cervical or lumbar curvature
• Hypolordosis

  Decreased cervical or lumbar curvature
• Hyperkyphosis

  Increased thoracic curvature
• Hypokyphosis

  Decreased thoracic curvature
• Scoliosis

  Lateral curvature of the spine
• Ribs

  • True ribs (1-7)
  • False ribs (8-10)
  • Floating ribs (11-12)
• Rib attachments

  • Vertebrae in back
  • Sternum in front via costochondral cartilage
• Parts of the sternum

  • Manubrium
  • Body
  • Xiphoid process
• Hyoid bone

  Located in anterior throat, supports larynx, muscles attach to it