It

• DBMS is software that manages databases
• DBMS


  • Used to add new data, modify data and delete data in the database
  • Used to retrieve data from the database
• DBMS


  • Serves as an interface between the database and end users or application programs
  • Ensures that data is easily accessed by potential users
• Database management process


  1. Database stores the actual data

  2. DBMS manages the database

  3. Application programs use the database
• Application programs submit database query to the DBMS
• DBMS retrieves data that matches the queries and replies retrieved data to the application programs
• Advantages of the database approach to data management

  • Data independence
  • Data sharing
  • Avoiding data redundancy
  • Improved data security
• Data model


  • The blueprint of the database
  • Used as a guide to store data in a database
• Entities


  People, places or events about which you want to store data
• Attributes


  Properties of an entity that are used to differentiate one entity from other entity
• Relationship


  An association between entities
• Types of relationships


  • One-to-one
  • One-to-many
  • Many-to-many
• Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is used to visually represent a data model
• Relational data model represents data in terms of two-dimensional tables called relations
• Relational database is a type of database that contains logically related set of tables
• Primary key


  A field which has a unique value for each record
• Foreign key


  An attribute in a table that matches the primary key of another related table
• Relational database is implemented using relational database management system (RDMS) software
• Creating a Microsoft Access database

  1. Open MS Access software

  2. Click on Blank database

  3. Enter the database name

  4. Click on the Create button
• Creating a table in Microsoft Access

  1. Click on Table Design button from the Create menu

  2. Enter field names

  3. Specify the data type of the field

  4. Save the table with a name
• When defining a field to a table, you must specify the appropriate data type for a Field name
• To set the field as primary key, go to the table design view, select the field and click on Primary Key button in the toolbar
• Shoppers


  Use websites to make orders of different types of products from their homes or workplaces
• Benefits of using websites for shopping

  • Avoids the need to physically go to shops
  • Reduces the cost of transportation
  • Increases the efficient use of our limited time
• 1. services


  Government services accessed through websites
• 1. services


  • Citizens do not need to go to the Immigration Nationality & Vital Events Agency office in person to make applications for passports
  • They can simply go to the website and make their requests online
• Education


  Websites are used to facilitate a lot of activities
• Education websites


  • The Ethiopian Ministry of Education established a website to make educational resources accessible to students
  • Online learning has also become widespread in many parts of the world, especially following the outbreak of COVID-19
• Website design is concerned with the plan and design of various aspects of a website, such as layout, navigation, appearance, and graphics
• Goal of website design

  To create a website that is appealing to its target audience and makes the search for information easy by providing a well-organized presentation
• Guidelines for website design

  • Consider the target audience
  • Provide logical navigation
  • Maintain consistency
  • Keep it simple
  • Ensure accessibility
• Web development is the actual creation or building of websites while website design deals with defining the layout and overall look of the website
• Websites can be developed using a WYSIWYG (What you see is what you get) software like Adobe Dreamweaver or simple text editors such as Notepad
• Developing webpages using simple text editors is more difficult than WYSIWYG software, but it is more effective in enabling the learner to master the language
• HTML


  A markup language used to create webpages
• HTML has gone through multiple revisions since its invention in 1989, and the current version is HTML5
• HTML tags


  A set of predefined names enclosed in angle brackets, each with a specific meaning
• HTML tags


  • 
    
• HTML elements


  Components of an HTML document, normally having a <start tag> followed by content and an </end tag>
• Some HTML elements are void elements that do not have an end tag