GPCOM

• Ethnocentrism


  Judging another culture based upon the values and standards set in one's own culture
• Ethnocentrism


  • Terrorism and hate crimes
  • Ethnocentrism in business
  • Ethnocentrism in American society
  • Ethnocentrism and culture
• Cultural relativism


  Not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal. Instead, trying to understand cultural practices of other groups in its own cultural context.
• Categories of cultural relativism

  • Absolute: Everything that happens within a culture must and should not be questioned by outsiders
  • Critical: Creates questions about cultural practices in terms of who is accepting them and why. It also recognises power relationships.
• Cultural relativism


  • Women's roles in different cultures
  • Dress expectations in different cultures
  • Breakfast customs in different cultures
• Both ethnocentrism and cultural relativism present extremist views
• Ethnocentrism leans towards intolerance, while cultural relativism leans towards incredibly high tolerance of cultural features
• Ethnocentrism in its extreme form gives rise to supremacist views, while cultural relativism allows the propagation of certain practices that violate basic human rights
• Ethnocentrism is insensitive to other cultures, while cultural relativism shows high cultural sensitivity
• Both ethnocentrism and cultural relativism involve examining a culture and all its aspects and evaluating them, but the basis for evaluation differs according to the view employed
• Discrimination


  Treating people differently than others based upon their perceived group membership
• Examples of interpersonal discrimination


  • Distancing nonverbal communication
  • Stereotypical remarks
  • Verbal attacks or threats
  • Physical violence
  • Poor service
  • Unequal treatment in conversations
  • Invasions of personal space
• Harassment


  Involves a pattern of behaviour where an employee feels unaccepted, intimidated or uncomfortable due to the actions of others
• Discrimination is against the law the first time around, unlike harassment which requires a pattern of behaviour
• Discrimination can involve hiring and firing decisions, promotions, pay, job assignments, training, benefits and other aspects of employment
• Cultural relativism is the view that all beliefs, customs, and ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context
• Ethnocentrism is the view that one particular ethnic group is somehow superior to all others
• Discrimination plays a direct role in the ethnocentric belief
• Accepting cultural relativism means we could no longer say that customs of other societies are morally inferior to others, we could decide whether actions are right or wrong just by consulting the standards of our society, and the idea of moral progress is called into doubt
• In 1996, a 17 year old girl from Togo arrived in the US and asked for asylum to avoid "excision", a practice referred to as "female circumcision" or "female genital mutilation"
• The potential for discrimination exists in every workplace
• Discrimination


  Unequal treatment because of a protected category
• Examples of discrimination


  • Racism - not hiring/promoting based on a racial group
  • Sexism - not hiring/promoting based on gender
  • Ageism - not hiring/promoting based on age (over 40)
• Protected categories for discrimination


  • Race
  • Gender
  • Color
  • Sexual orientation
  • National or ethnic origin
  • Gender identity
  • Age
  • Veteran status
  • Religion
  • Genetics
  • Disability
• Discrimination


  Generally tied to an adverse employment action
• Sundown M Ranch is an equal opportunity employer and does not tolerate discrimination in any form
• All reports of discrimination are investigated
• No employee will be retaliated against for reporting an incident of discrimination
• Harassment


  Behavior which has the effect of humiliating, intimidating, or coercing someone through personal attack
• Harassment


  Any behavior that is unwelcome, unwanted or unsolicited where the recipient regards it as offensive or undesirable
• When a person communicates that the behavior is unwelcome but it continues, it becomes illegal
• Sexual harassment


  Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors and other verbal behavior or physical conduct of a sexual nature
• When sexual harassment occurs

  • Submissions is made an implicit condition of employment
  • Submission or rejection affects employment
  • Such conduct interferes with an employee's work or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment
• Quid Pro Quo sexual harassment

  Employment decisions or expectations are based on an employee's willingness to grant or deny sexual favors
• Hostile environment sexual harassment

  Verbal or non-verbal behavior in the workplace focuses on the sexuality of another person or occurs because of a person's gender or other protected characteristic, is unwanted or unwelcome, and where it is severe or pervasive enough to affect the persons work environment
• Examples of a hostile environment

  • Off color jokes or teasing
  • Comments about body parts or sex life
  • Suggestive or demeaning pictures, posters, calendars or cartoons
  • Leering, staring or gesturing
  • Touching – brushes, pats, hugs, pinches
• Other types of sexual harassment

  • Co-worker Harassment
  • Same-sex Harassment
  • Sexual Orientation Harassment
  • Third-Party Sexual Harassment
• Other types of harassment

  • Age
  • Racial
  • Religious
  • National Origin
  • Union or non-union membership
  • FMLA
  • Worker's Compensation
  • Whistleblower
  • Disability
• Examples of other harassment


  • Comments about an individual's skin color or other racial/ethnic characteristics
  • Negative comments about an employee's religious beliefs
  • Negative stereotypes regarding an employee's birthplace or ancestry
  • Negative comments referring to an employee's age when referring to employees 40 and over
  • Derogatory or intimidating references to an employee's mental or physical impairment
• Harassing behavior can be

  • Verbal: derogatory comments, racial or sexual epithets, requests for sexual favors, sexual innuendoes, offensive jokes or stories, repeating propositioning
  • Non-Verbal: staring, derogatory or suggestive gestures, winking, throwing kisses, shunning, and ostracizing
  • Visual: offensive pictures, photos, cartoons, posters, calendars, magazines or objects
  • Physical: unwelcome touching, hugging, kissing, patting, stroking, standing too close
  • Written: unwelcome personal letters, notes or emails