Heart + blood

• Right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• Left ventricle pumps blood to the body
• Valves make sure blood flows in the right direction and prevent backflow of blood.
• different parts of the heart: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, vena cava, pulmonary artery(right), aorta(left), pulmonary vein, valves
• Coronary arteries supply the heart with oxygenated blood.
• Pacemaker is a small organ in the heart that controls the heartbeat.
• Artificial pacemaker is a device that is implanted in the body to help regulate the heartbeat
• Blood vessels have different types

  1. Arteries - carry blood away from the heart
  2. Capillaries - exchange materials at tissues
  3. Veins - carry blood to the heart
• Arteries pump blood at high pressure to the body so the walls are made of thick muscle to withstand the pressure
• Capillaries are very small and have permeable walls so they can exchange materials with the blood
• Veins carry blood at a low pressure and have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
• Red blood cells have no nucleus and no mitochondria. They have a large surface area to carry oxygen and are a biconcave disc. They contain haemoglobin which is a protein that binds to oxygen and makes the red pigment
• White blood cells are responsible for fighting infection and disease. They are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood.
• Platelets help the blood clot
• Plasma is the liquid part of blood that contains dissolved substances and carries oxygen and nutrients
• Coronary heart disease is when the coronary arteries get blocked by fatty materials which causes the blood flow to be restricted which can lead to heart attacks
• Stents keep arteries open by keeping them open and preventing them from narrowing.
• Statins are drugs used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood.
• Artificial hearts can be used for up to 10 years, but they are expensive and can be rejected by the body
• Faulty heart valves can be replaced with a mechanical valve or a biological valve
• Artificial blood is a substitute for blood that is used in surgery and other medical procedures.
• Blood enters the heart through the atria. Blood from two vena cavae enters the right atrium. Blood from the pulmonary veins enters the left atrium. The atria fill, followed back into the atria by heart valves. Blood leaves the heart in the body’s main artery - the aorta - from the left side, and the pulmonary artery, from the right.
• Arteries are the blood vessel that delivers oxygenated blood to the body.
• Veins are the blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart from the body.
• Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body and are found in the tissues of the body.