Maintenance

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Tom Chaplin

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The maintenance of phobias is explained through operant conditioning
Mowrer explained that operant conditioning occurs when our behaviour is reinforced or punished
reinforcement tends to increase the frequency of behaviour (positive reinforcemt)
With negative reinforcement, the person avoids the conditioned stimulus. This results in a desired consequence - the pleasurable feeling of avoiding the stimulus.
Mowrer suggested that whenever we avoid a phobic stimulus, we successfully escape the fear and anxiety that accompanies it. This reduction of fear reinforces the avoidant behaviour, and the phobia is maintained.
Positive reinforcement
Reinforcing behaviour through rewarding it
Negative reinforcement
Reinforcing behaviour through avoiding something bad

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Maintenance

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