chem exam

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simmy

Cards (29)

matter- anything that takes up space and has a mass- made up of tiny particles- they have space between them- they are in constant motion
heating a solid- increases kinetic energy causing them to vibrate more- particles will pull away from one another when they have enough energy and become liquid- heat more= more kinetic energy
Ek low means that the particles are closer together and have a stronger attraction. Ek high means that the particles are further apart and have a weaker attraction.
particles can change energy when they collide
Atom is the smallest part of an element
Atomic theory: study of the nature of atoms and how they combine to form all types of matter
law of conservation of mass: mass can not be created or destroyed.
law of definite proportions: A chemical compound contains the same elements in the same ratio no matter the source or size of the sample
isotopes are atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
isotopic abundance- refers to the relative amounts of isotopes of each element, usually expressed as a %
unstable atoms= radioactive
periodic trends: horizontal are rows
groups: vertical column's
atomic radius- distance from center of nucleus to the outside of the last orbital
atomic size increases as you go down the coloumn
atomic size decreases as you go down the period
metals form positive ions which means they are cations and lose electrons
nonmetals form negative anions which means they gain electrons
an ion is when an atom has gained or lost electrons
ionic bonds consist of metals and nonmetals
covalent are nonmetal + nonmetal
nonpolar covalent is when the atoms have equal electronegativity
polar covalent is when they have different electronegativities
EN <0.4 = nonpolar covalent
EN <1.7 = covalent bond
EN> ionic bond
0.4<EN<1.7 = polar covalent
molecule is polar if the shape is asymmetrical
molecule is nonpolar is the shape is symmetrical
solute is the thing that is being dissolved