photosynthesis, light dependent, light independent reaction

• photosynthesis - process where plants, algar, some bacteria use the energy of the sun to synthesize organic compounds from inorganic compounds
• organic - sugar
• inordganic - carbon dioxide and water
• leaf - involved during food making
• stroma - fluid-filled space inside the thylakoid membrane
• chloroplast - organelle that contains chlorophyll
• epidermis - protective layer of cells covering the entire surface of the leaf
• cuticle - waxy material coating of the epidermis
• stomata - pores found in lower epidermis used for gas exchange and transpiration
• guard cell - controls opening/closing of stomata
• xylem - water and nutrients
• phloem - food
• palisade - contains mostly chloroplast, primary synthetic region, near upper epidermis
• spongy - secondary synthetic region
• primary pigment for photosynthesis - chlorophyll
• red and blue are absorbed, green is reflected
• accessory pigments help transfer more energy to chlorophyll a
• light dependent - occur in thylakoid membrane, water is split into oxygen and hydrogen, generates ATP and NADPH
• light independent - use chemical energy to reduce carbon dioxide to sugar