Lungs

• Pulmonary Tuberculosis def


  Tubercles (bacteria covered with immune system cells) within walls of gaseous exchange system
• Tubercles 


  Small hard lumps of bacteria covered in immune system cells
• tidal volume 


  total volume of air in each breath
• ventilation rate 


  number of breaths per minute
• forced expiratory volume 


  max volume of air breathed out in one second
• forced vital capacity 


  volume of air breathed out forcefully after a deep breath in
• what is a side effect of tuberculosis

  fibrosis (scar tissue)
• implication of tuberculosis TB

  increased ventilation rate - tidal volume is reduced from scar tissue
• cause of fibrosis 


  infection

  exposure to asbestos / dust
• why does scar tissue reduce tidal volume

  thicker + less elastic
• fibrosis implications 


  higher ventilation rate
• asthma def 


  where airways become inflamed and irritated
• causes of asthma 


  allergic reaction to eg pollen/ dust
• What happens during asthma attack 


  smooth lining of bronchioles contracts

  large amount of mucus produced
• symptoms of asthma 


  wheezing

  tight chest

  shortness of breath
• emphysema causes 


  smoking / long term exposure to air pollution
• emphysema process 


  phagocytes are attracted to where particles are

  release elastin breaking down enzyme - reducing elasticity

  walls of alveoli also broken down