1.2 Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body

Cards (18)

  • Chemical Level - interactions between atoms, which are tiny building blocks of matter; atoms combine to form molecules
  • Cell Level - the basic structural and functional units of plants and animals; molecules combine to form organelles (little organs), which are the small structures that make up cells
  • Tissue Level - a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them
  • Organ Level - composed of two or more tissue types that perform one or more common functions
  • Organ System - group of organs that together perform a common function or set of functions and are therefore viewed as a unit
  • Organism Level - any living thing considered as a whole—whether composed of one cell, such as a bacterium, or of trillions of cells, such as a human
  • Integumentary System
    • Provide protection, regulate temperature, prevent water loss, and help produce vitamin D
  • Skeletal System
    • Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fat
  • Muscular System
    • Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat
  • Lymphatic System 
    • Removes foreign substances from the blood, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fats from the digestive tract
  • Respiratory System
    • Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH
  • Digestive System 
    • Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes
  • Nervous System
    • A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions
  • Endocrine System
    • A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions
  • Cardiovascular System 
    • Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature
  • Urinary System
    • Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance
  • Female Reproductive System
    • Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors
  • Male Reproductive System
    • Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors