Endocrine System

• A network of glands throughout our bodies that manufacture and secrete hormones
• Works alongside the nervous system to regulate physiological processes in the human body
• Each gland produces and secretes different hormones
• The endocrine system is regulated by the hypothalamus:

  • signals a target gland to increase levels of hormones
  • when sufficient levels are reached, hypothalamus shuts down
• Hormones circulate in the bloodstream and carried to target sites throughout the body
• Hormones only effect target cells, via receptors
• Pituitary gland - the master glad that produces hormones that are sent in the bloodstream and received by target cells

  • controlled by hypothalamus and regulates basic bodily functions
• Pituitary gland

  • Anterior gland releases ACTH (stress release hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortisol) and progesterone, LH and FSH (important in reproduction)
  • Posterior gland releases oxytocin (stimulates contractions)
• Adrenal gland is made up of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
• Adrenal cortex releases hormones necessary for life

  • Cortisol - regulates cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory functions
  • Aldosterone - responsible for maintaining blood volume and pressure

  Released in response to stress
• Adrenal medulla

  • Noradrenaline - constricts blood vessels and BP increase
  • Adrenaline - Increases heart rate and blood flow to muscles and brain
• Ovaries are a key structure in the female reproductive system

  • responsible for production of eggs, and progesterone and oestrogen
• Testes are the male reproductive gland that produces testosterone

  • important for the development and growth of facial hair, deepening voice and growth spurts
  • Vital for overall health and well being

  Production of testosterone is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland