bio 1 Lesson 2: Cell Structure and Function

• cellz that a cell nucleus or any membrane-enclosed organelles

  • Prokaryotic cells
• cells that posses a membrane-bound nucleus and organelle

  • Eukaryotic cells
• Prokaryotes


  Simplest and oldest type of cell (appeared 3.5 billion years ago)
• Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms
• Shapes of Prokaryotes

  • Cocci (spherical/round)
  • Bacillus (rod shaped)
  • Spirilla (helical/spiral)
• characteristics

  They do not have nuclear membrane

  • prokaryotes
• characteristics

  Doesn't have a membrane bound organelles

  • Prokaryotes
• smaller in size

  • prokaryotes
• characteristics

  appeared approximately 1 billion years ago

  • Eukaryotes
• Has larger number of organisms

  • Prokaryotic Cells

  Has smaller number or organisms

  • Eukaryotic Cells
• Linear DNA

  • Eukaryotic Cells

  Circular DNA

  • Prokaryotic Cells
• larger in size

  • Eukaryotic Cells
• Ribosome are the only organelles

  • Prokaryotic Cells
• Has multiple organelles including ribosome

  • Eukaryotic Cells
• Ribosomes are the only organelles

  • Prokaryotic
• A TYPICAL PROKARYOTUC CELLS

  • cell wall - membrane surrounding and protecting the cells
  • cytoplasm - all of thr material inside a cell excited nucleus
  • flagella and pill - a nucleus like region of the cells where genetic material us kept
  • plasmid - a small molecule of DNA that reproduce independently
• Cell membrane has 2 lipid layers called "bilipid membrane"
• Lipids present in the plasma membrane are called "phospholipids"
• gel-like fluid inside the cell

  • cytoplasm
• medium for chemical reaction

  • cytoplasm
• cell expansion, growthy, and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm
• to store the cell's DNA, maintain it's integrity, and facilitate it's transcription and replication

  • Nucleus
• • Nucleolus

  makes ribosome sub unit from proteins and ribosome RNA, they are called protein synthesis
• contain a number of nuclear pores that can allow relatively larges molecules

  • Nucleolus
• Intercellular structure made of bothe RNA and protein

  • Ribosomes
• oxidative phosphorylation, which generated ATP by utilizing the energy released during the oxidation of the food we eat

  • Mitochondria
• • Peroxisomes

  organelles that sequester fiverse oxidative reactions and

  play importal roles in:

  • metabolism
  • reactive oxygen species
  • detoxification
  • signaling oxidative pathways
• transport materials that an organism needs to survive

  • vesicles
• absorb and destroy toxic substances

  and pathogens

  • vesicles
• TWO TYPES OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• has ribosome, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins

  • rough
• does not have ribosome

  • smooth
• Golgi complex

  • golgi apparatus
• known as terminal catabolic stations

  • lysosomes
• structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, and it is also provide mechanical support

  • Cytoskeleton
• There is no single cytoskeletal component

  • Cytoskeleton
• Cellular components


  • lysosomes
  • plasma membrane
  • recretion
• Full of water

  • Central Vacuole
• bounded by single membrane

  • Central Vacuole
• contain tiny pigments called chlorophyll

  • Chloroplast