science f2 chap 2.1-2.2

• Producer - Primary Consumer - Secondary Consumer - Tertiary Consumer - Decomposer
• • A producer is an organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis. 
• • Secondary consumer is an omnivore and carnivore that eats the primary consumer
• • Primary Consumers are herbivores and omnivores that eat producers.
• • Tertiary consumer is a secondary carnivore that eats a secondary consumer.
• • Decomposer is an organism that breaks down dead animals and plants into simpler materials or nutrients
• • Food chain used to show the feeding relationship between organisms.
• • The interconnection of a few food chains is called a food web
• Energy Flow (Energy is transferred from one organism to another organism)
• • Nutrients are obtained from a balanced ecosystem and used by living things. Then, the nutrients are returned to the environment to be used again. This cycle is called a nutrient cycle.
• • Water is absorbed by the roots of plants and released into the atmosphere through transpiration.

   
• • Animals carry out respiration, defecation and excretion which increase the water content in the atmosphere.
• • The roots of plants hold the soil tightly prevents soil erosion.
• • Leaves that fall from trees and cover the surface of the earth will reduce the rate of evaporation and prevent the soil from becoming dry.

   
• • Plants and animals carry out respiration which uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
• • The decay of dead plants and animals by bacteria and fungi in the soil uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
• • Green plants maintain the content of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air through photosynthesis which absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.
• Steps to solve problems when there is an Interference to the Nutrient Cycle

  1. Create planned agricultural systems
  2. Use public transport
  3. Store rainwater for daily use
  4. Replant trees
  5. Tighten laws