ANATOMY

• Circulatory system


  Responsible for transporting nutrients, water, and oxygen into your body cells and carries away wastes such as Co2 that the body cells produce
• components of the circulatory system

  1. heart

  2. blood

  3. blood vessels
• the arrangement of the circulatory system means that the 2 types of blood (which are?) do not mix

  Oxygen rich blood

  Oxygen poor blood
• Heart


  center of the circulatory system. pumps the blood all around your body
• pericardium


  covers the heart and large blood vessels attached to the heart

  
• 2 types of pericardium

  visceral and parietal

  
• visceral pericardium


  layer closest to the heart

  
• parietal pericardium


  outer layer of the pericardium

  
• 4 chambers of the heart


  right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

  
• 2 atria of the heart

  right atrium

  left atrium

  
• 2 ventricles of the heart

  right ventricle

  left ventricle
• jobs of the atria and the ventricles

  atria - collects the blood that enters the heart

  ventricle - pumps the blood out of the heart
• 3 types of blood vessels

  arteries

  capillaries

  veins
• arteries


  large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
• capillaries


  smallest blood vessels
• veins


  carry blood to the heart
• how much blood do we contain

  4-6 liters
• types of blood cells


  red blood cells (erythrocytes)

  white blood cells (leukocytes)

  platelets (thrombocytes)
• red blood cells


  most numerous type that transports oxygen that is made in the bone marrow
• where do red bloodcells get their color

  hemoglobin
• white blood cells


  produces anti bodies that fight pathogens
• platelets


  aids in blood clotting
• 3 main functions of the blood

  transport

  protect

  temperature regulation
• Respiratory system


  Brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide.
• external respiration


  part of the 2 main tasks of the respiratory system. exchanges air between the body and the outside environment
• internal respiration


  part of the 2 main tasks of the respiratory system. brings oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide
• parts of the respiratory system


  nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm

  
• 2 cycles of breathing

  inhalation - draws gasses into the lungs

  exhalation - forces gas out of the lungs
• Nose


  filters air that goes into the lungs
• pharynx


  throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
• larynx


  voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
• tranchea


  the windpipe;a passage through which air moves in the respiratory system
• lungs


  Main organs of the respiratory system
• bronchi


  two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs.
• diaphragm


  Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing. contracts during inhalation and relaxes during exhalation
• nervous system


  coordinates all the activities of the body
• central nervous system


  brain and spinal cord
• parts of the brain

  cerebrum - largest section of the brain

  cerebellum - responsible for muscle coordination

  Diencephalon - regulates the circadian rhythms

  mid brain - eye and auditory reflexes

  pons - handles unconscious processes

  medulla oblongata - regulates digestion, respiration, swallowing and among other things
• parts of the cerebrum


  frontal lobe - reasoning and thought

  parietal lobe - integrates sensory information

  occipital lobe - visual information

  temporal lobe - auditory information
• parts of the diencephalon

  thalamus - directs sensory information to the cerebrum

  hypothalamus - controls emotion, temperature, appetite, water balance, and sleep