Vertebral Column

• Pelvic inclination is?

  60 ̊ to line of gravity
• What affects posture?

  Any long time effects of normal posture (sitting at a desk for long periods of time)
• anterior convexity of the spine?

  Lordosis
• posterior convexity of the spine?

  Kyphosis
• When do Thoracic and sacral primary curvatures develop?

  Fetal period
• When do Cervical and lumbar curvatures are develop?

  Infancy
• Anterior pelvic tilt, weak anterior ab muscles, tight trunk extensors and hip flexors?

  Excessive lordosis (swayback)
• • Rounding of the shoulders

  • Weak upper back muscles

  • Tight pectoralis major

  excessive kyphosis (hunchback)
• Exaggerated lateral curavture of the spine?

  • Muscles on the outer part of the

  curve become weak

  • Muscles on the inner part of the

  curve tighten

  scoliosis
• What might you expect to see in patients who have congenital

  scoliosis? How are cavities affected?

  The thoracic and abdominal cavities can be affected. Can push on lungs or heart
• What is the cervical spine level for the Atlas?

  C1
• Waht si the cervical spine level for the Axis?

  C2
• A site for muscle attachment on the lumbar spine?

  mammillary process
• Rupture of the transverse ligament of the atlas?

  Anterior slide of the head
• Ligament on anterior surface of all vertebral bodies?

  anterior longitudinal ligament, checks extension
• Connects lamina of adjacent vertebrae?

  Ligamenta flava or yellow ligament
• Connects adjoining spinous processes?

  interspinous ligaments
• This can contribute to stenosis or closing down of the intervertebral foramen?

  Ligamentum Flava
• Triangular lateral extensions of pia mater that anchor the spinal cord

  to the dura mater?

  Denticulate Ligament
• An enlargement of the subarachnoid space in the dural sac, distal to the conus medullaris?

  Lumbar cistern
• Muscles of the back innervated by?

  Dorsal rami of the level
• anterior inclination uses which muscles to contract?

  Hip flexors and erector spinae
• Posterior inclination uses which muscles to contract?

  hip extensors and abdominal muscles
• What contributes to development of the cervical curvature?

  raising the head
• What contributes to development of lumbar curve?

  holding the body upright/learning to walk
• Scoliosis (clinically)

  Typically shows up during puberty

  Many cases are idiopathic - affects about 3% of adolescents
• Refers to the normal appearance

  of the lumbar vertebrae on a radiograph image

  scottie dog sign
• If fractured? (spondylosis)

  the Scottie dog looks like it has a collar
• Parts of the scottie dog sign:

  Transverse process = nose

  Pedicle = eye

  Inferior articular facet = front leg

  Superior articular facet = ear

  Pars interarticularis = neck
• Coccyx has unfused segments until?

  adulthood
• Another name for Zygapophyseal joints?

  facet joints
• Osteoarthritis can affect the facet joints causing _?

  impingement of the spinal nerves
• Layer that surrounds the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc?

  Annulus fibrosus
• cartilaginous joints between adjacent vertebral bodies?

  symphyses
• Uncovertebral Joints are found only in the?

  cervical region
• Uncovertebral Joints are present at birth? true or false

  False
• Uncovertebral Joints type of joint?

  synovial, plane joint
• Uncovertebral Joints allow for?

  flexibility, movement, and stability within the neck and limit sideways movement
• Atlanto-occipital joint is between?

  Superior articular surface of C1 and occipital condyles
• Atlanto refers to?

  c1 or atlas