Diverse

• Cameron said 


  the idea men and women differ fundamentally is a myth in the everyday sense beliefs are derived from beliefs of men and women
• Interruption sof men will not tell us the reason

  Behing them being dominant
• Women use tag questions

  As they have social expectations
• Code masking sexual behaviour

  Towards the end of the 19th century, a code (a language) developed from performers and workers in theatre, fairgrounds, circuses and fish markets.
• This code was used to mask homosexual behaviour in a time when it was illegal to be gay.


  Some terms like ‘naff’ and ‘camp’ are still widely in use, but Polari is not.
• What was the main focus of Valentova and Havlicek's investigation?

  Whether someone could tell a man's sexuality based on aesthetics and voice
• Who investigated the concept of 'perceived sexual orientation'?

  Czech linguists Valentova and Havlicek
• What methods did participants use to detect someone's sexuality in the study?

  Based on both voice and appearance
• What specific vocal characteristic did participants associate with homosexual men?

  A certain femininity in the voice, such as an elongated /l/ vowel sound
• Which word was mentioned as an example of the elongated /l/ vowel sound?

  Towel
• What do the findings of the study suggest about societal perceptions of language characteristics?

  There are stereotypical views and judgments on language characteristics perceived with both genders
• • Research conducted by Northwestern University in 2004 supports Valentova and Havlicek's findings.
  • This research found that lesbian, gay and bisexual people showed no difference at birth in vowel production, but chose to selectively adopt vowel productions of certain social groups.
  • Their research also found that gay/bisexual men did not necessarily adopt vowel sounds from women and that lesbian/bisexual women did not necessarily adopt vowel sounds from men – it was more from their social groups.


  language is not determined by your gender, it is a social construct
• research conducted by northeaster uni found that lesbian ,gay andb bisexual people showed no difference 


  at birth in vowel production , but choose to selectively adopt vowel productions of certain social groups
• • Lavender Linguistics' describes the sociolect (language of a social group) of homosexuals.
  • Leap believes that the way homosexuals interact with heterosexuals and with other homosexuals differs.
  • He claims that this is a whole other language.

  Code masking homosexual behaviour
• code masking homosexual behaviour-

  terms used to replace gay as it held negative connotations

  a code was developed by performers and workers in theatres,fairgrounds, in the 19th century to mask homosexual behaviour at the time being gay was illegal .Some terms like naff and camp are still widely in use.
• who says gender is performative 


  judith butler
• judith butler says that language is 


  performative as the gender you portray is based on how you behave and the language you use .Your language, linguistically determines you
• the diversity model claims there are

  more differences within the gender, than there are between them