SCIENCE

• Scientific Attitudes


  • Curiosity
  • Logic and System
  • Open-mindedness
  • Intellectual honesty
  • Hardwork and perseverance
  • Objectivity
  • Creativity and critical thinking
• Measurement


  The process of comparing a quantity with a chosen standard
• Scientific Attitudes


  • Curiosity
  • Logic and System
  • Open-mindedness
  • Intellectual honesty
  • Hardwork and perseverance
  • Objectivity
  • Creativity and critical thinking
• Measurement


  The process of comparing a quantity with a chosen standard
• International System (SI)


  A system of units that scientists have agreed upon and is legally enforced all around the world
• Basic Quantities and SI Units

  • Length - Metres
  • Mass - Kilograms
  • Time - Seconds
  • Electric Current - Amperes
  • Temperature - Kelvin
  • Amount of substance - Moles
  • Luminous Intensity - Candelas
• Accuracy


  The degree of closeness of measurements of a quantity to its actual value
• Precision


  The degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions shows the same result
• Matter


  Anything that occupies space and possesses the attributes of gravity and inertia
• Solid


  • Characterised by resistance to any change in shape, caused by a strong attraction between the molecules of which it is composed
• Liquid


  • Does not resist forces that act to change its shape, because the molecules are free to move with respect to each other
• Gas


  • State of matter in which molecules are widely dispersed and freely move, offers no resistance to change of shape and little resistance to change in volume
• A gas that is not confined tends to diffuse infinitely, increasing in volume and diminishing its density
• Plasma


  The fourth state of matter consisting of an overall charge-neutral mix of electrons, ions, and neutral atoms
• Most substances are solid at low temperatures, liquid at medium temperatures, and gaseous at high temperature
• Melting point/Freezing point


  The temperature at which any given substance changes from solid to liquid and vice versa
• Boiling point


  The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure of the surrounding the liquid
• Changes in Matter


  • Physical change
  • Chemical change
• Physical change


  • Changes in matter that involve no chemical reaction, including melting, evaporating, freezing, and changes in shape and size
• Sublimation


  A physical change from solid to gas
• Deposition


  A physical change from gas to solid
• Chemical change


  The chemical composition of each molecule changes