Biased English

• Sexist language includes patronyms


  These are names that relate to the male line of inheritance. For example, mac and o can be added to create names such as MacDonald and O'Brien.
• Waitress ,actress are examples of what

  Diminutive suffixes
• Terms of addresses that are problematic include.


  Use of ms, Mrs. And miss.
• Males dominate the english language.

  Mankind, manning a stall
• Hines 1994. States women are referred to as desserts 


  Cupcake, sweet tart ,sweetie pie,sugarcookie,pumpkin
• Mark terms include.


  Lady Doctor , male nurse, male prostitute, woman pilot
• The spare whorf hypothesis is concerned with the idea that the language we use determines the way we view the world.
• Miller and Swift


  Sexist lang should be reformed such as mankind to humanity
• Blatt and hunt looked at authors childrens fiction used verbs to describe characters speech

  Men-often ordered and shouted while female-begged,murmured,wept
• Cameron 


  Genders perform their sexual identities for themselves
• Tannen says they were socialised into diff roles 


  And they're lang reflects different roles
• crumpet" "sweetheart" "honey" degarding may refer to housewife attempt to gain more authority

  Patronising usages
• Insulting usages

  negative terms of insult directed at women often with no equivment for males, carry animalisitc connatations such as "cow" "bitch" and "dog"
• "master" mistress" . "master" suggests a positive meaning with someone who has authority and power whereas "mistress" has a negative connotation with suggesting a lonely female (no self- respect) is an enemy to the institution of marriage.

  Lexical asymmetry
• Women are referred to by their marital status eg Mrs mrs miss ms etc
• "man" can be used to mean human being or male person but "woman" cannot be used to mean human being or female person.
• "Mrs" implies that she belongs to her husband
• Men are not referred to by their marital status
• The term "spinster" was once used to describe unmarried woman over 25 years old. It now carries a pejorative sense implying that they have failed to marry
• Matronyms


  Names that reflect female lines on inheritance
• SEMANTIC DEROGATION of certain groups


  Using language negatively to put certain social groups down
• We live in a heteronormative society where


  It's considered the norm to be heterosexual which causes bias to those who believe in non heterosexual people which leads to negative stereotypes and enables homophobic discourse
• People assume that langauge used by gay or lesbian is used


  Only by them and that all gay and lesbians speak in a certain way